978-1-4577-1884-7/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE.
Operational Risk Assessment Framework of
Mobile Mooring System
Silvianita
PhD Student, Department of Civil Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
Perak, Malaysia
Department of Ocean Engineering
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,
Surabaya, Indonesia
vian_nita@yahoo.com
Mohd. Faris Khamidi
Senior Lecturer in Department of Civil Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
Kurian V. John
Professor in Department of Civil Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
Abstract—Numerous accidents have happened in all types of
moored units, permanent and mobile. The problems related to
mooring system failures are collision, abrasion, anchors etc.
These problems have impact on people, environment, assets and
reputation of the company. The objective of this paper are to
determine the frequency of failure, to categorize severity of
failure of mooring system and to rank the particular hazards by
dividing the dimensions of frequency and severity into risk
matrix. This work proposes HAZOP (Hazard and Operability)
analysis to evaluate risks related to accidents in mobile mooring
system. In qualitative assessment the accident risk level and
acceptance criteria were established through a scoring system.
The result of this methodology can be used to prevent future
damage and aid to set a priority of maintenance based on
hazards ranking.
Keywords- Assessment. Hazards, Mooring, Operational, Risk.
I. INTRODUCTION
In offshore installations, the numbers of accidents have
increased significantly. For example the numbers of accidents
for semi submersible in 1980-1989 were 377 accidents. During
1990-2005, the numbers of accidents for semi submersible
increased and became 1495. In 2000/01 alone, about 700
accidents have happened for all types of installation. Out of
these, about 180 accidents were related to positioning,
dropping objects and weather condition. This represents 25%
of all dangerous occurrences [1]. The mooring system failures
are related to mooring lines, mooring devices, winching
equipment or fairleads and anchors.
In the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) various moored Mobile
Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs) had complete mooring
system failures during Ivan, Katrina and Rita hurricanes. Since
then the standards regarding mooring of MODUs have been
revised. For example, the selection of the design return period
is no longer prescriptive but based on performing a suitable
risk assessment [2]. Risk assessment can be used to understand
the risk causes and their impact of mooring failures. Therefore
this paper discusses a framework of risk assessment for mobile
mooring using HAZOP approach to assess the frequency of
failures and to evaluate the potential impact of specific failures.
The objectives of this paper are: (1) to determine the frequency
of failure; (2) to categorize severity of failure of mooring
system; (3) to rank the particular hazards by incorporating the
dimensions of frequency and severity into risk matrix.
MODUs can be semi submersibles, ship shaped vessels and
barges [3]. Semi submersibles have been used for various
different functions such as drilling, diving support, fire
fighting, crane operations, pipe laying and accommodation.
They have been used for several years as pipe lay vessels and
the stability standards are not different from those applied to
drilling units [4]. The platform used for this case study is a
semi submersible column stabilized pipe lay barge fitted with
12 point mooring system to aid controlled movement during
pipe lay operations. The vessel has a hull with four columns
and two pontoons as illustrated in Fig. 1.
Figure 1. A semi submersible column stabilized pipe lay barge
In each of the four corners of the semi submersibles there
are three winches with two positioned in the pontoons and one
in the column above. The vessels need the assistance of an
anchor handling tug (AHT) in order to moor the vessel in a
working pipe lay configuration. The vessel has no dynamic