223
Systematic Parasitology 28 : 223- 228 , 1994 . . . .
© 1994 Kluwer Academic Publish er s. Pnnied in th e Neth e1/c111ds.
Hadwenius tursionis (Marchi, 1873) n. comb. (Digenea, Cai:npulidae) from
the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) in the western
Mediterranean
Mercedes Fernandez, Juan A. Balbuena and J. Antonio Raga . .
Department of Animal Biology , Uni versity of Valencia , Dr Moliner 50, 46100- Bur1asot, Valencta ,
... Spain
Acct:pted for publication 17th March, 1993
Abstract
The taxonomic position of· Synthesium tursionis (Marchi, 1873) (Digenca, Campulidae) is revised ,
on material from 147 worms from four bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus stranded off the Comumdad
Valenciana (Spanish western Mediterranean). The species is transferred to Hadwenius , as H . tursionis
n. comb., and characterised by a high length/width ratio of the body, spinose cirrus and unarmed
metraterm. Synthesium , a monotypic genus, be .comes a synonym of Hadwenius. The intraspecific variation
of some morphological traits is briefly discussed.
Introduction
ln 1873, Marchi reported a new trematode spe-
cies , Distomum tursinnis , from the intestine of a
bottlenosed dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montagu,
1821), but the description was rather incomplete
and accompanied by a poor illustration. Some
years later, Poirier (1886) described from the
same host D. longissimum , which was syn-
onymised with D. tursinnis by Parona (1896).
Odhner (1926) suggested that n. tursionis should
be transferred tentatively to the genus Ortho-
splanchnus Odhner , 1905, within the family Cam-
pulidae Odhner, 1926. However, Stunkard &
Alvey (1930) maintained that this would vio late
the morphological unity of Orthosplanchnus (al-
though they did not explain why) and proposed
the erection of a new campulid genus, Synthesium,
for this species. Pripc (1932) agreed with this a<.: -
tion because "the inclusion of the species in Or-
thosplanr:hnus , or in any related genera, would
necessitate extensive revision of the diagnosis of
these groups ", which he found " inadvisable until
more species have been described ".
At that time, most redescriptions of Synthesium
tursionis were based on Poirier's (1886) work,
being the illustration of a specimen la<.:king an-
terior caecal diverticula (see Poirier, 1886, plate
I, fig . 6, reproduced in subsequent revisions, e.g.
Price , 1932 ; Delyamure, 1955; Dawes, 1968). Ya-
maguti (1958) modified the taxonomy of th e Cam-
pulidae, establishing various subfami li es . The ap-
parent absence of caecal diverticula in S. tursionis
Led him to consider that it should be included in
a separate subfamily, the Synthesiinae Yamaguti,
1958 . Ho wever, Delyamure & Serdyukov (1966)
(see also Skrjabin, 1976) pointed out that S. tur-
sionis did indeed have an intestine with anterior
diverticula. Consequently, Skrjabin (1976) indi-
cated that the validity of the subfamily Synthesii-
nae could not be maintained, and tentatively
transferred the species to the subfamily Orthos-
planchninae Yamaguti, 1958. Nevertheless, the
designation S. tursionis was retained and has been