The influence of the ammonium acetate concentration on the degree of cesium extraction from bottom
deposits in Lakes Svyatoe and Kozhanovskoe is studied. It is shown that degree of cesium desorption is
independent of the concentration of the displacing solution in the range 10
–3
–1 M, provided that the
amount of ammonium acetate per unit mass of sorbent remains constant. This result shows that the collapse
of interpacket spaces of clay minerals either does not happen at all or it has the same effect on the degree
of extraction of cesium by solutions with different concentrations.
The biological accessibility and migration rate of radionuclides in ground and water ecosystems are largely deter-
mined by the forms in which they occur in soil and bottom deposits. A classical method for determining these forms is the
method of successive extraction in which the exchange form is determined by extraction with a unimolar solution of ammo-
nium acetate [1, 2]. However, it is thought that the real fraction of the exchange form of
137
Cs, based on the dose-forming
radionuclide today, is much higher than that determined by the method in [3, 4]. It is believed that a concentrated solution of
ammonium acetate can cause the expanded edges of the regions of interpacket spaces of clay minerals to collapse. As a result,
the exchange
137
Cs bound with them is transformed into a nonexchange form and is not extractable. To avoid underestimat-
ing the real fraction of the exchange form of
137
Cs, a method which uses as the extracting agent a dilute solution of ammo-
nium acetate (10
–3
M) has been proposed. In this method, a special sorbent absorbs
137
Cs from the solution (infinite-dilution
method) [4]. This method makes it possible to extract from soil and deposits more
137
Cs than the method of successive extrac-
tions [3]. It is believed that this is due to the use of a diluted displacing solution, but this assumption has never been checked
experimentally. The purpose of the present work is to study the influence of the ammonium acetate concentration on the
degree of
137
Cs desorption from bottom deposits in fresh water lakes.
Description of Experiment. Bottom deposits from the lakes Svyatoe and Kozhanovskoe in Bryansk oblast were
used in the experiment. The bottom deposits were obtained in August 1998 from a 5 cm thick top layer and stored in closed
plastic containers in a refrigerator. Their degree of contamination was 25–28 and 17–19 Bq/g, respectively. The fixing power
of the bottom deposits of the lakes with respect to
137
Cs was relatively weak, since they contained mainly organic matter and
the fraction of clay minerals which fix cesium well was small. Specifically, the humus content in the top 5-cm layer in the
bottom deposits was 45–50% in Lake Kozhanovskoe and about 40% in Lake Svyatoe. This explained the high content of
mobile (water-soluble and exchange) forms of
137
Cs: from 10 to 17% in bottom deposits in Lake Kozhanovskoe and from 35
to 50% in the bottom deposits in Lake Svyatoe.
Atomic Energy, Vol. 93, No. 2, 2002
EFFECT OF THE AMMONIUM ACETATE
CONCENTRATION ON THE EXTRACTED
FRACTION OF THE EXCHANGE FORM
OF
137
Cs IN BOTTOM DEPOSITS
E. V. Samokhvalova, A. A. Bulgakov,
and A. V. Konoplev
UDC 631.43.539.16
Scientific and Industrial Association Taifun. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 93, No. 2, pp. 144–146,
August, 2002. Original article submitted December 5, 2001.
1063-4258/02/9302-0689$27.00
©
2002 Plenum Publishing Corporation 689