e n v i r o n m e n t a l t o x i c o l o g y a n d p h a r m a c o l o g y 3 7 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 110–117 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect j o ur nal ho me pa ge: www.elsevier.com/locate/etap Assessment of anti-inflammatory effect of 5-hydroxypalisadin B isolated from red seaweed Laurencia snackeyi in zebrafish embryo in vivo model W.A.J.P. Wijesinghe a,1 , Eun-A Kim a , Min-Cheol Kang a , Won-Woo Lee a , Hyi-Seung Lee b , Charles S. Vairappan c,∗ , You-Jin Jeon a,∗∗ a Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea b Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, P.O. Box 29, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea c Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88440, Sabah, Malaysia a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 31 July 2013 Received in revised form 31 October 2013 Accepted 3 November 2013 Available online 9 November 2013 Keywords: 5-hydroxypalisadin B Anti-inflammatory Functional ingredient Laurencia snackeyi Zebrafish embryo a b s t r a c t 5-Hydroxypalisadin B, a halogenated secondary metabolite isolated from red seaweed Laurencia snackeyi was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced zebrafish embryo. Preliminary studies suggested the effective concentrations of the compound as 0.25, 0.5, 1 g/mL for further in vivo experiments. 5-Hydroxypalisadin B, exhibited profound protective effect in the zebrafish embryo as confirmed by survival rate, heart beat rate, and yolk sac edema size. The compound acts as an effective agent against reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induced by LPS and tail cut. Moreover, 5- hydroxypalisadin B effectively inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in zebrafish embryo. All the tested protective effects of 5-hydroxypalisadin B were compa- rable to the well-known anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone. According to the results obtained, 5-hydroxypalisadin B isolated from red seaweed L. snackeyi could be considered as an effective anti-inflammatory agent which might be further developed as a functional ingredient. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Inflammation is a highly regulated biological process that enables the immune system to efficiently remove the injurious stimuli and initiate the healing process (Masresha et al., 2012). ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +6088 320000x2397; fax: +6088 320291. ∗∗ Corresponding author at: Jeju National University, Marine Life Science, Ara 1dong, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Tel.: +82 10 4572 3624; fax: +82 64 756 3493. E-mail addresses: csv@ums.edu.my (C.S. Vairappan), youjinj@jejunu.ac.kr (Y.-J. Jeon). 1 Present address: Food Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. The inflammatory symptoms result from the action of inflam- matory agents such as bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide, which can originate locally or from cells that infiltrate in the sight of insult (Mequanint et al., 2011). Although inflammation is a defense mechanism, the complex events and mediators involved in the prolonged inflammation 1382-6689/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.006