REPORT
Status and Goals of Local School Wellness Policies in
Virginia: A Response to the Child Nutrition and WIC
Reauthorization Act of 2004
Elena Serrano, PhD
1,3
; Agata Kowaleska, BS
1
; Kathy Hosig, PhD, RD, MPH
1
;
Caroline Fuller
2
; Lynne Fellin
2,3
; Vanessa Wigand
2,3
ABSTRACT
By fall 2006 each school division participating in the National School Lunch Program was
mandated to establish a local wellness policy. The study objective was to assess schools’ plans for the
policy, including goals for food, nutrition education, and physical activity and evaluation. Surveys
were administered to 132 School Health Advisory Board coordinators in Virginia in early 2006; 92
(69.7%) responded. The findings highlight gaps toward meeting minimum requirements for the
policy and give guidance on how nutrition educators and researchers can provide expertise to
optimize the policy and document progress and impacts on children’s health related to the policy.
Key Words: school, policy, foods, physical activity, wellness
( J Nutr Educ Behav. 2007;39:95-100)
INTRODUCTION
According to the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthoriza-
tion Act of 2004, each school division that participates in
the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) shall establish
a local (school) wellness policy (LWP) no later than the
first day of the school year beginning after June 30, 2006, to
cover all NSLP schools in the school division.
1
The LWP
must include 5 components: (1) goals for nutrition educa-
tion, physical activity, and other school-based activities to
promote student wellness; (2) nutrition guidelines for all
foods available on each school campus; (3) assurance that
reimbursable school meals are not less restrictive than ex-
isting guidelines; (4) a plan for measuring implementation;
and (5) involvement of school nutrition representatives,
parents, students, administrators, and community members.
Currently, there is little information and formal insight
on how school divisions intend to address this legislation.
There is also a lack of specific information on decision
makers, areas of focus, and assessment of milestones. It is
important to have a grasp of which goals and policies
schools plan to initiate in order for communities and for
state education and health agencies to provide technical
assistance from development to implementation and eval-
uation, particularly given the potential impact of school
health policies on diet, the availability of foods and bever-
ages, and even academic achievement.
2-4
This survey, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the
first and only source of information being gathered to learn
about steps and procedures taken by school divisions on a
statewide level in preparation for the LWP. The findings
will help nutrition educators to understand potential
changes that will take place in schools. In addition, the
findings will enable nutrition educators to position them-
selves as resources and technical advisors to help optimize
wellness policies for every division and possibly to help
generate funds and resources to assist school divisions in
implementing and realizing their goals. The findings also
present implications for nutrition researchers to examine
the impact of LWP on school wellness and children’s over-
all health on the local, state, and national levels.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ASSESSMENT
Participants
In 1990, the General Assembly of Virginia amended the
Code of Virginia in order to establish and mandate local
School Health Advisory Boards (SHABs) to “assist with
the development of health policies in the (respective)
school division.”
5
SHAB members are typically appointed
by the local school board and should represent a broad-
based segment of the community. Given this formalized
infrastructure in Virginia, a superintendent’s memo in the
1
Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Insti-
tute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
2
Virginia Department of Education, Richmond, Virginia
3
Virginia Action for Healthy Kids, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and
Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
Address for correspondence: Elena Serrano, PhD, Extension Specialist, Assistant
Professor, Dept. of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 201 Wallace Annex,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0430;
Tel: (540) 231-3464 Fax: (540) 231-3916; E-mail: serrano@vt.edu
©2007 SOCIETY FOR NUTRITION EDUCATION
doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.10.011