Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 291 (2015) 266–279 www.elsevier.com/locate/cma Verification and validation of a Direct Numerical Simulation code Larissa A. Petri ∗ , Patr´ ıcia Sartori, Josuel K. Rogenski, Leandro F. de Souza Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of S˜ ao Paulo, 400 Trabalhador S˜ ao-carlense Avenue, 13566-590, S˜ ao Carlos-SP, Brazil Received 7 November 2014; received in revised form 27 March 2015; accepted 9 April 2015 Available online 20 April 2015 Highlights • Verification of a boundary layer numerical code by the Method of Manufactured Solutions. • Convergence order analysis of a boundary layer numerical code. • Validation of a boundary layer numerical code through comparison with experimental data. • Agreement between boundary layer numerical code and Linear Stability Theory results. • Use of high-order approximations. Abstract The verification of a Direct Numerical Simulation code is carried out using the Method of Manufactured Solutions. Numerical results from the code are also compared with experimental and Linear Stability Theory results in a boundary layer over an airfoil. Displacement thickness, momentum thickness and shape factor are used to measure the boundary layer. Comparisons considering the amplitude of the velocity disturbance caused by two-dimensional Tollmien–Schlichting waves are also made. The results show the verification and validation of the Direct Numerical Simulation code. c ⃝ 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. MSC: 00-01; 99-00 Keywords: Boundary layer flow; High-order compact finite-difference scheme; Direct Numerical Simulation; Verification and validation; Method of Manufactured Solutions 1. Introduction Numerical studies involving fluid motion have large applications in science and engineering. As an example, computational simulations can be used for climate predictions, aerodynamics and oil industry, biomedical engineering, and many other areas. Due to the great importance of these numerical predictions for practical applications, the ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: lariss@gmail.com (L.A. Petri), psartori26@gmail.com (P. Sartori), josuelkr@gmail.com (J.K. Rogenski), lefraso@gmail.com (L.F. de Souza). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2015.04.001 0045-7825/ c ⃝ 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.