The relationship between pilots’ manual flying skills and their visual behavior: a flight simulator study using eye tracking Andreas Haslbeck 1 , Ekkehart Schubert 2 , Patrick Gontar 1 , Klaus Bengler 1 1 Institute of Ergonomics, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany haslbeck@tum.de 2 Section Flight Guidance and Air Transportation, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ABSTRACT This paper presents an experimental evaluation of pilots’ ability to support their manual flying skills through visual behavior. To this end, two groups of pilots with different levels of practice and training are compared in a full flight simulator. Dif- ferent visual information acquisition strategies are used during the flight phases. In flight, pilots must direct their attention towards monitoring, while in a manual flying phase (approach and landing), a more frequent and accurate panel scan is impera- tive. The gaze data collected during this high-taskload flight period makes it possi- ble to detect the differences between these two groups. Keywords: manual flying, eye tracking 1 INTRODUCTION With highly automated ‘fly-by-wire’ aircraft and the introduction of glass cock- 3131