In situ measurements of the intrinsic characteristics of the acoustic
barriers installed along a new high speed railway line
a)
Massimo Garai
a)
and Paolo Guidorzi
b)
(Received: 24 August 2007; Revised: 17 July 2008; Accepted: 18 July 2008)
In September 2005 the new high speed railway line Torino-Novara, Italy, was
near completion and acoustic barriers had just been installed according to
specifications. At this site, the authors conducted in situ verification of the
intrinsic characteristics of the noise reducing devices. It is the first European
experience of this kind on a large construction workplace. The conditions were
extremely demanding and the time scheduled for the task very short. The
challenging task was successfully completed applying CEN/TS 1793-5 and
taking advantage of the logistic support of the customer.The paper reports the
key points of this successful experience and shows some exemplary results.The
values measured in situ are compared with the results obtained some years
before on products of the same kind. Regarding sound reflection, the in situ
method proved to be reliable and to give values more realistic than the
laboratory method. Regarding sound insulation, the comparison with previous
measurements indicates that, as long as the barriers are well installed, similar
results can be expected and that their variance is comparable to that of
laboratory tests. On the other hand, large differences (4 – 5 dB or more) indicate
poor quality of construction and installation work, that can be confirmed by a
careful inspection.This sensitivity of the in situ method to detect faults paves the
way to establish minimum construction and installation criteria. It is concluded
that the selected method is fully adequate to in situ verification and could be
repeatedly applied to check the acoustic durability of noise reducing devices
over time. © 2008 Institute of Noise Control Engineering.
Primary subject classification: 31.1; Secondary subject classification: 72.9
1 INTRODUCTION
The new high speed railway line Torino-Novara,
Italy, was opened in February 2006. About 100,000 m
2
of acoustic barriers have been installed along the
86 km of the line to protect the environment from the
noise emitted by high speed trains. There are four main
types of noise barriers: metallic cassettes filled with
glass wool, timber and metal cassettes filled with glass
wool, concrete panels with a porous side and acrylic
sheets plus smooth concrete panels (see Fig. 1 and
Table 1). All of them are constructed in a similar way:
acoustic panels supported by steel beams (HE 160
type) which are clamped to a reinforced concrete
sustaining wall. The barrier height ranges from
3 m to 5.5 m.
In September 2005 the noise screens were almost all
installed and the authors were asked to verify their
acoustic intrinsic characteristics in situ
1
: this means the
sound absorption (or reflection) and the airborne sound
insulation, which in European standards are called
intrinsic characteristics because they depend only on
the device under test and not on the environment in
which it is installed. The intrinsic characteristics are
different from the insertion loss, which depends also on
the environment and on the relative source, receiver
and screen positions.
The task was very demanding; in fact, it was
requested to carry out the measurements:
1. according to high quality technical standards;
2. on site during the final phase of the construction
work;
a)
A preliminary version of this work was presented at
InterNoise06
a)
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Energetica, Nucleare e del
Controllo Ambientale (DIENCA), Università di Bologna-
Viale Risorgimento 2-40136 Bologna ITALY; email:
massimo.garai@mail.ing.unibo.it
b)
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Energetica, Nucleare e del
Controllo Ambientale (DIENCA), Università di Bologna-
Viale Risorgimento 2-40136 Bologna ITALY; email:
paolo.guidorzi@mail.ing.unibo.it.
342 Noise Control Eng. J. 56 (5), Sept-Oct 2008