Rhetoric Review, Vol. 30, No. 2, 135–152, 2011
Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 0735-0198 print / 1532-7981 online
DOI: 10.1080/07350198.2011.551499
WILLIAM DUFFY
University of North Carolina–Greensboro
Remembering Is the Remedy: Jane Addams’s
Response to Conflicted Discourse
In The Long Road of Woman’s Memory, Addams develops a theory of mem-
ory that accounts for the rhetorical function of reminiscence. Drawing on I. A.
Richards’s conception of rhetoric as the study of misunderstanding, this essay
offers an analysis of Addams’s theory in relationship to her attempts at rational
discourse with a group of immigrant women who believed there was a “Devil
Baby” in residence at Hull House. Her successes and failures during these con-
versations prompted Addams to consider the rhetorical function of memory as a
theoretical tool both to understand and remedy discursive conflict.
Jane Addams valued reciprocal discourse, the give-and-take between speak-
ers who equally contribute to a dialogue and share mutual interest in its
progression.
1
For Addams this was a discursive ethic as well as a democratic
one she used to explain the political function of social settlements. A few years
after cofounding Hull House in 1889, Addams was a featured speaker at the
School of Applied Ethics in Plymouth, Massachusetts, where she lectured on
the then emerging settlement movement. “Hull House endeavors to make social
intercourse express the growing economic unity of society,” she said, just before
uttering what is now one of her most quoted lines: “It is an effort to add the social
function to democracy” (“Subjective” 14). Addams would develop this concept in
her first book, Democracy and Social Ethics, but all of her published work reflects
this philosophy, what Maurice Hamington describes as her “feminist sensibili-
ties [combined] with an unwavering commitment to social improvement through
cooperative efforts” (“Addams”). Democracy for Addams is rooted in social ethics
that promote reciprocal discourse and interaction; it is the social condition through
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