Advs Exp. Medicine, Biology - Neuroscience and Respiration DOI 10.1007/5584_2016_229 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children with Interstitial Lung Disease M.A. Dziekiewicz, K. Karolewska-Bochenek, L. Dembin ´ ski, A. Gawronska, K. Krenke, J. Lange, M. Banasiuk, E. Kuchar, M. Kulus, P. Albrecht, and A. Banaszkiewicz Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease is common in adult patients with intersti- tial lung disease. However, no data currently exist regarding the preva- lence and characteristics of the disease in pediatric patients with interstitial lung disease. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and characterize its features in children with interstitial lung disease. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was established based on 24 h pH-impedance monitoring (MII-pH). Gastroesophageal reflux episodes (GERs) were classified according to widely recognized criteria as acid, weakly acid, weakly alkaline, or proximal. Eighteen consecutive patients (15 boys, aged 0.2–11.6 years) were enrolled in the study. Gastroesophageal reflux dis- ease was diagnosed in a half (9/18) of children. A thousand GERs were detected by MII-pH (median 53.5; IQR 39.0–75.5). Of these, 585 (58.5 %) episodes were acidic, 407 (40.7 %) were weakly acidic, and eight (0.8 %) were weakly alkaline. There were 637 (63.7 %) proxi- mal GERs. The patients in whom gastroesophageal reflux disease was diagnosed had a significantly higher number of proximal and total GERs. We conclude that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with interstitial lung disease is high; thus, the disease should be considered regardless of presenting clinical symptoms. A high frequency of non-acid and proximal GERs makes the MII-pH method a preferable choice for the detection of reflux episodes in this patient population. M.A. Dziekiewicz, K. Karolewska-Bochenek (*) L. Dembin ´ski, A. Gawronska, M. Banasiuk, P. Albrecht, and A. Banaszkiewicz Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Z ˙ wirki i Wigury St, 01-091 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: kasiabochenek2@gmail.com K. Krenke, J. Lange, and M. Kulus Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland E. Kuchar Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Decisions Unit, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland