ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(2), 809-817 809 Journal Homepage: -www.journalijar.com Article DOI:10.21474/IJAR01/3218 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/3218 RESEARCH ARTICLE COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF TISSUE ENGINEERED OSTEOCHONDRAL GRAFT VERSUS AUTOGENOUS GRAFT IN CRITICAL SIZE DEFECT: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT OF DOGS. Ingy Mohamed Chehata 1 , * Shereen Wagdy Arafat 1 , Mohamed Ayad Abdelhamid 2 , Rehab Fawzy Kassem 3 and Samah Mohamed Kamel 4 . 1. Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, October University ofModern Sciences and Art, Egypt. 2. Professor, Department of Surgery, anesthesiology, and radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. 3. Assistant professor, Department of oral pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. 4. Lecturer, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, October University of Modern Sciences and Art, Egypt. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Received: 10 December 2016 Final Accepted: 14 January 2017 Published: February 2017 Key words:- Tissue engineering, osteochondral graft, Biphasic scaffold, autogenous graft, TMJ reconstruction. This study was performed to demonstrate the ability of mesenchymal stem cells using biphasic scaffolds, to produce osteochondral graft, assess its function, and compare it with autogenous grafting of condylar defects. Eighteen male adult mongrel dogs ranging from 12-15 kg in weight were selected for this study and were randomly divided into twoequal groups: Group A: Tissue engineering procedure was performed in 2 stages, Stage 1: Aspiration of bone marrow samples from the canine subjects was performed, Stage 2: In vitro isolation, expansion, differentiation and characterization of Mesenchyme Stem Cells was performed, followed by implantation of the tissue engineered graft. Group B: autogenous bone grafting was performed. After 16 weeks from implantation of the grafts in the created condylar defects, the dogs were sacrificed, and bone samples were prepared for histological assessment and follow up. Microscopic and histochemical analysis revealedwell-formed tissue- engineered osteochondral graft in the test group(Group A), versus very limited cartilage regeneration in the control group (Group B).Moreover, Radiographic evaluation was performed immediate post-operatively, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks postoperatively. Based on our finding, we concluded that the replacement of TMJ bone and cartilage with tissue-engineered osteochondral graft was superior to autogenous bone graft at the same step. Copy Right, IJAR, 2017,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:- Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex system that is regularly subjected to trauma, metabolic and inflammatory processes (Scheller, et.al. 2009). It is one of the most difficult tissues to treat due to the limited blood Corresponding Author:- Shereen Wagdy Arafat. Address:-Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, October University ofModern Sciences and Art, Egypt.