J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 2(12)625-633, 2012
© 2012, TextRoad Publication
ISSN 2090-4274
Journal of Applied Environmental
and Biological Sciences
www.textroad.com
Corresponding Author: Indri Santiasih, Department of Safety Engineering, Surabaya Shipbuilding Polytechnic, ITS campus
Sukolilo, Surabaya Indonesia 60111. Email: indri.santiasih@gmail.com
Indoor Particulate Matters Dispersion Potency
Indri Santiasih
1,
*, Joni Hermana
2
and Didik Bambang Supriadi
2
1
Department of Safety Engineering, Surabaya Shipbuilding Polytechnic, ITS campus Sukolilo,
Surabaya Indonesia 60111
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology. ITS campus Sukolilo,
Surabaya Indonesia 60111
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted by means of particulate matters (PM
10
and PM
2,5
) emission from wood surface coating
process with the objectives to verify that the material balance could be used to estimate indoor particulate matters
concentration and to verify the correlation between particulate matters with microorganisms concentration. The
material balance was calculated from the emission rates and air flow rates, where the model goodness of fits was
calculated by the root mean square error (RMSE). The correlation between particulate matters and microorganisms
were analysed with linier regression. The results showed that the material balance could be used to estimate indoor
particulate matters concentration. Respectively there were sufficient evidence of correlation between the
concentration of PM
10
and PM
2,5
with the concentration of microorganism, where R
2
fungi
more significant than
R
2
bacteria
.
Keywords: Particulate matters, PM
10
and PM
2,5
, indoor, microorganism, bacteria, fungi
INTRODUCTION
Surface coating is an application of decorative or protective materials in liquid or powder form to
substrates. These coatings normally include general solvent type paints, varnishes, lacquers, and water thinned
paints. After application of coating by 1 of a variety of methods such as brushing, rolling, spraying, dipping and
flow coating, the surface is air and/or heat dried to remove the volatile solvents from the coated surface. Powder
type coatings can be applied to a hot surface or can be melted after application and caused to flow together. Other
coatings can be polymerized after application by thermal curing with infrared or electron beam systems [29].
Particulate matter (PM) constitutes are a major class of air pollution. Particulates comes in a variety shape
and sizes, and can be either liquid droplets or dry dusts, with wide range of physical and chemical properties.
Particulates are emitted from many different sources, including surface coating processes [5]. The activities
produced particulate matter significantly are abrasive blasting and painting process. While blasting with abrasive
materials is often conducted in contained environments, there are situations where state agencies allow unconfined
blasting. In both scenarios particulates are released to the environment, therefore there is a need to estimate the
potential risk on humans and the environment from the toxic metals in the particulate releases from this unit
operation [27]. Painting involves the application of decorative or protective materials onto the surface of a substrate.
These decorative or protective materials can be in the form of a primer, sealant, finish coat, or another type of
material such as an anti-corrosion coating. The coating material will have different components and properties
depending on its intended use. Paint will usually consist of a binder, a pigment, a solvent or thinner, and a drier.
Paint may also be solvent- or water-based. Most paint spray-gun operations take place in a paint booth. A
pressurised spray gun applies the paint as a fine mist or aerosol [22]. The spray painting more dangerous than
conventional painting with brush, because at the spray painting, the small particulates could spread broadly [1].
Mass Balance Models for Indoor Air Quality
Indoor concentration of air contaminants can be predicted by simple mathematical models. The key
variables are emission rates and ventilation rates. In some buildings, the airflow is very simple, and can be assumed
the whole buildings acts likes a single, well-mixed room. For other situasion, it be might have to model the building
as many such rooms connected in series and parallel [5]. The estimation methods with mass balance models useful
when other developed methods are not available or practical, besides that it is useful for sources resulting in
evaporative losses and it can be assumed that 100% solvent relesases in the air by evaporation [31]. There are tree
methods to estimate the exposure conventionally including non directly methods [15] where the pollutant levels
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