International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health Vol.1 (7),pp. 150-157, September 2014
Available online at http://www.journalissues.org/IRJPEH/
http://dx.doi.org/10.15739/irjpeh.001
© 2014 Journal Issues ISSN 2360-8803
Original Research Article
Emission profile of pollutants due to traffic in Lucknow
City, India
Accepted 28 August, 2014
M Tiwari
1*
, SP Shukla
1
, NK
Shukla
2
, RB Singh
1
, N Mumtaz
3
,
VK Gupta
1
and V Singh
4
1
Department of Civil Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Lucknow-226021, U.P., India.
2
Environmental Monitoring Division,
CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology
Research, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001,
U.P., India.
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Babu
Banarsi Das Engineering College,
Lucknow-226028, U.P., India.
4
Department of Civil Engineering, Motilal
Nehru National Institute of Technology,
Allahabad-211004, U.P., India.
*Corresponding Author
E-mail : mktiwariiet@gmail.com
Tel.: +919450577490;
Fax: +915222628227
The human behaviors over the last few decades have changed the global
atmospheric condition. Industrial emissions, transportation, intensification
of agricultural practices and urban development have directly elevated the
levels of pollutant gases such as CO2, NO2, CO and Particulate Matter (PM),
which are probably to have inconsiderate climatic implications. Study is
based on emissions from 2-Wheelers, 3-Wheelers, 4-Wheelers, Light
Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) and Heavy Vehicles (HVs) at Lucknow City, India
for three consecutive months; February 1, 2014 to April 30, 2014. The
concentration of SO2, PM, CO and NO2 of selected location was 0.21 µg/m
3
,
6.27 µg/m
3
, 74.28 µg/m
3
and 40.64 µg/m
3
at Hazaratganj Road where as for
Kalidas road it was 0.11 µg/m
3
, 2.87 µg/m
3
, 35.78 µg/m
3
and 18.77 µg/m
3
,
respectively. The concentrations of above pollutants were more at
Hazaratganj Road as compare to Kalidas road. The emissions profile of SO2,
PM, CO and NO2 were within national ambient air quality standard.
Key words: Vehicle emission, particulate matter, traffic analysis and air modeling
INTRODUCTION
Lucknow city is the capital of Uttar Pradesh; which has a
population of 2.82 million (Municipal corporation and
Cantonment) as per 2011 census, area of 310 km
2
and its
geographic position is 26°52' N latitude to 80°56' E
longitude; 128 meter above the sea level. As a consequence
of urban development, along with energy, the transport
sector has been the centre of attention during last decade.
The transport sector in India consumes about 16.9% that is
36.5 million tons of oil equivalents of total energy. Among
different types of motor vehicles, percentage of two
wheelers has revealed rapid growth and it constitutes 70%
of total motor vehicles of India (Ramchandra et al., 2009).
The main source of particulate air pollution in Lucknow
city is vehicular traffic emission. The number of vehicle
categories registered in Regional Transport Office (RTO)
Lucknow was 14, 24,478 as of March 31, 2013 which is
8.35% higher over the last year. Uttar Pradesh State Road
Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) introduced bus services
under DzLucknow Mahanagar Parivahan Sewadz on different
routes of Lucknow City. Since motor vehicle (traffic)
emission are major sources of air pollution (Fujita et al.,
1992, Kodama et al., 2002) in the Urban City. Major road
present near the Hazaratganj was Nishatganj to Charbag,
road which have massive vehicular motion as compare to
other roads during entire years. (Figure 1)
Considering the worsening traffic growth and emissions
and their impact on human health and urban air quality
there is a need for a regulatory framework for the
management of traffic, air quality and emissions at local
level, regional and national scales (Costabile et al., 2008).
The continuous vehicular exhaust inhalation can lead to
symptoms of lower respiratory tract such as cough,
shortness of breath and pain with inspiration (Dockery et
al., 1994, Pope III, 1997). The unpleasant effects of
prominent air pollutants on environment and human health
are well known. A large number of urban people are at the
edge of health risk due to adverse air quality. Among the
different sources of air pollutants, tail pipe emission from