wileyonlinelibrary.com Macromolecular Rapid Communications Review 810 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300017 1. Introduction The modification of synthetic polymer strands at their chain termini after the completion of the polymeriza- tion is, in many cases, the prerequisite for their use in a wide variety of advanced applications as well as for their employment in subsequent modular construction efforts. The firm establishment of advanced living/controlled polymerization protocols allows for the generation of extremely well -defined polymer architectures from a wide monomer range under mild conditions. These protocols form the basis for the subsequent polymer modification. While several excellent reviews have appeared in the field of polymer (end group) modification—often addressing the end-group modification possibilities associated with a specific polymerization protocol [1–5] — we provide herein a true user’s guide to polymer post- modification. To achieve a highly accessible review article, we collated the key information regarding the synthetic process, the reaction conditions required as well as characterization data that evidence a successful transformation in an encompassing tabular format. The accompanying text briefly highlights the major charac- teristics of the specific transformation chemistry as well as some additional background information. Many of the chemistries collated in the tables have been tested The establishment of advanced living/controlled polymerization protocols allows for engi- neering synthetic polymers in a precise fashion. Combining advanced living/controlled polymerization techniques with highly efficient coupling chemistries facilitates quantita- tive, modular, and orthogonal functionalization of synthetic polymer strands at their chain termini as well as side-chain functionalization. The review highlights the current status of selected post-func- tionalization techniques of polymers via orthog- onal ligation chemistries, major characteristics of the specific transformation chemistry, as well as the characterization of the products. Post-Functionalization of Polymers via Orthogonal Ligation Chemistry Anja S. Goldmann,* Mathias Glassner, Andrew J. Inglis, Christopher Barner-Kowollik* Dr. A. S. Goldmann, Dr. M. Glassner, Dr. A. J. Inglis, Prof. C. Barner-Kowollik Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail: anja.goldmann@kit.edu; christopher.barner-kowollik@ kit.edu This article is adapted from a chapter appearing in “Chemistry of Organo-Hybrids: Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Nano-Objects” (Eds: E. Lacôte, B. Charleux, C. Copéret), Wiley-VCH, 2013 Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2013, 34, 810−849 © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim