THE NEW ZEALAND
MEDICAL JOURNAL
NZMJ 5 November 2010, Vol 123 No 1325; ISSN 1175 8716 Page 53
URL: http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/123-1325/4420/ ©NZMA
Pathology referrals for skin lesions—are we giving the
pathologist sufficient clinical information?
Marius Rademaker, Murray Thorburn
Abstract
Aim To assess the quality of data included in the histology request form.
Method We prospectively reviewed the histology request forms of 375 consecutive
skin lesions. In addition, the appropriateness of the surgical specimen was determined.
Results There were 196 women and 179 men with a mean age of 58.4 years. The
majority of specimens (84.5%) derived from primary care. 233 lesions (62%) were
removed by excision, 57 (15%) by shave, three by curettage, with 82 lesions (22%) by
punch/incisional biopsy. The clinical diagnosis was either not specified in 56 cases
(15%), or simply labelled as ‘lesion’ in 84 (22%) patients. In 140/375 cases (37%), no
useful clinical information was available.
The clinical diagnosis matched the histopathological diagnosis in 145 cases (39%).
Sixty percent (78/131) of histologically confirmed malignant lesions had not been
identified clinically as being malignant: only 2 of 12 (17%) melanomas, 33/74 (45%)
BCCs and 18/45 SCCs (57%) were diagnosed clinically. The specimen type was
considered inadequate to make a histopathological diagnosis in 25 cases (6.7%).
Conclusion In over a third of histology requests, diagnostic clinical information was
absent. In addition, punch biopsy was used in 40% of lesions where a melanoma was
being considered clinically.
The pathology request form is a crucial communication document between treating
physician and histopathologist.
1
The data set should include demographics (age and
sex of patient), site and type of specimen, clinical history and preferably the
diagnostic query the treating physicians wants answered by the pathologist.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that the information routinely captured on the pathology
request form is often minimal, thereby affecting the ability of the histopathologist to
correctly report the specimen.
2–6
In addition, the recent Australasian / New Zealand Melanoma guidelines recommend
that the optimal biopsy approach for a pigmented skin lesion suspicious of melanoma
is complete excision with a 2 mm margin, as partial biopsies may not be fully
representative of the lesion.
6
They do however, go on to comment, “Incisional, punch
or shave biopsies may be appropriate in carefully selected clinical circumstances, for
example, for large facial or acral lesions, or where the suspicion of melanoma is
low.”
This study aimed to assess the quality of information available to the pathologist from
the histology request forms, the accuracy of the preliminary clinical diagnosis, and the
appropriateness of the biopsy sample provided.