9 th EDEN Research Workshop Forging new pathways of research and innovation in open and distance learning Reaching from the roots 9 th EDEN Research Workshop Oldenburg, Germany 4-6 October 2016 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Edited by Airina Volungeviciene, András Szűcs and Ildikó Mázár on behalf of the European Distance and E-Learning Network European Distance and E-Learning Network, 2016