Description and microwear analysis of Clovis artifacts on a glacially-deposited secondary chert source near the Hartley Mastodon discovery, Columbiana County, Northeastern Ohio, U.S.A. Michelle R. Bebber a, ⁎, G. Logan Miller b , Matthew T. Boulanger c , Brian N. Andrews d , Brian G. Redmond e , Donna Jackson f , Metin I. Eren a,e, ⁎⁎ a Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States b Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, United States c Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, United States d Department of Psychology and Sociology, Rogers State University, Claremore, OK 74017, United States e Department of Archaeology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States f Jackson Farm, Salem, Columbiana County, OH 44460, United States abstract article info Article history: Received 16 December 2016 Received in revised form 17 February 2017 Accepted 21 February 2017 Available online xxxx Five Clovis lithic artifacts were found in a plowed farm field just north of an unnamed tributary of the Mahoning River, Columbiana County, Northeast Ohio, approximately 700 m northeast of the Hartley Mastodon discovery. These artifacts include the base of a Clovis fluted projectile point, a preform base with a prepared fluting “nipple”, a large flake, a biface tip, and a biface mid-section. We present here basic artifact morphometrics; observations involving stone tool raw material, production, and discard; microwear analysis; and stone-source-to-site straight-line and least-cost distances. Overall, our results are relevant to two discussion points. First, there is cur- rently no strong evidence linking the five Clovis stone tools to the Hartley Mastodon. Second, the area in which the five artifacts were found would have been attractive to Clovis Paleoindians for a variety of reasons, not least of which is that the immediate area is a glacially-deposited secondary chert source. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Over the course of two decades, five lithic artifacts (Fig. 1), including the base of a Clovis fluted projectile point and a preform base with a pre- pared fluting “nipple”, were found by D. Jackson in a plowed farm field just north of an unnamed tributary of the Mahoning River, Columbiana County, Northeast Ohio [hereafter the Jackson Farm Clovis (JFC) site] (Fig. 2). Three of the artifacts, including the fluted point base, a biface tip, and a large flake were found in a small (b 10 m diameter) cluster. Al- though several specimens of post-Pleistocene point styles have been found on the nearly 97-acre farm property, none have been found close to this cluster. Given this situation, we currently feel confident designating as Clovis the two non-diagnostic lithic artifacts spatially as- sociated with the fluted point base. The preform base with the prepared fluting nipple was found approximately 150 m west of the cluster. The final artifact, a biface mid-section, was found 100 m west of the cluster. The biface mid-section is not automatically diagnostic of Clovis, but is consistent enough with current understanding of Clovis flaked stone ar- tifact variability that we felt it warranted inclusion and description in this report. All five artifacts were donated by D. Jackson to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (CMNH), and are currently curated in the CMNH Department of Archaeology (CMNH I.D. No. 3415A). The artifact cluster is located on the southeastern slope of a small glacial kame (Fig. 3). As noted by Redmond and Mattevi (2003:110), the topography of the surrounding area is “gently rolling, with well- drained hilltops adjacent to small, wet depressions.” As will be discussed further below, the immediately surrounding area also con- tains a variety of glacially deposited chert nodules, both large and small. The Clovis artifacts are approximately 700 m northeast of the Hartley Mastodon locality (Redmond and Mattevi, 2003), which was discovered and excavated in 2001. The mastodon remains are non-min- eralized, in an excellent state of preservation, and include two tusks and 95 complete or nearly complete bones, including an intact cranium, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 12 (2017) 543–552 ⁎ Corresponding author. ⁎⁎ Correspondence to: M.I. Eren, Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States. E-mail addresses: mbebber@kent.edu (M.R. Bebber), meren@kent.edu (M.I. Eren). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.02.027 2352-409X/© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jasrep