Digital Reconstruction and Visualisation of Peshwa Period Water System of Pune Pallavee Gokhale 1 and Sushama G. Deo 2 1 . Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Post Graduate Research Institute, Pune- 411006, Maharashtra, India (Email: pallavee.g@gmail.com) 2. Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Post Graduate Research Institute, Pune- 411006, Maharashtra, India (Email: sushamadeo@yahoo.co.in) Received: 19 August 2016; Accepted: 08 September 2016; Revised: 03 October 2016 Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 4 (2016): 653-669 Abstract: The water supply system of Pune during the Peshwa Period is a testament to exemplary engineering, administration and city planning. System of cisterns, reservoirs, dipping wells (Ooswas), and underground artificial aqueducts (Nal/ Nahar) constituted a dense network, and has worked efficiently since its incorporation in the 1750s to the present. Accelerated urbanisation over the last few decades has left many components of this system either abandoned or completely d e s t r o y e d . Despite this, we find the same being exploited at the time of water crisis. This paper aims at creating interactive digital 3D models of this underground water supply system of 18th century Pune. It is an effort to virtually reconstruct the entire system with the aid of Geographic Information System viz. GIS. These models have been built using multiple data sources such as raster source maps, Bing roadmap, topographical maps along with vector data of the aqueduct network created by the authors. Keywords: GIS, Visualisation, Pune, Aqueduct, Peshwa, 3D, Water Supply Introduction Pune, situated on the banks of the Mula and Mutha rivers, is central to the Deccan from both the geographic and political points of view. It provided an ideal location for Bajirao Ballal, popularly known as Peshwa Bajirao I to shift base from Satara and develop Pune as the capital city of the Maratha Empire. Prior to this, Pune existed as a small village whose oldest references date back to 800 CE. It was however well established as the capital city during the time of the Peshwas. Though the Peshwas ruled in the capacity of prime-ministers of Shahu Maharaj, a descendant of Shivaji Maharaj, their vigour and valour established them as leaders of the Maratha Empire. Under Peshwa administration, due importance was given to city planning, and the same was implemented using the best possible means available at the time. Water management played a critical role in the development of Pune’s urbanity. Regular supply of potable and non-potable water was the responsibility of the ruling