Forum der Forschung 19/2006: 75-80 BTU Cottbus, Eigenverlag, ISSN-Nr.: 0947 - 6989 Application of the East German Grid Experience in Renewable Energies Integration into the Brazilian Energy System Milthon S. Silva 1 , Harald Schwarz 2 , Klaus Pfeiffer 2 1 CCET/NEL UFS BRAZIL 2 Chair of Power Distribution and High Voltage Technology Kurzfassung Brasilien, ein Land mit über 8,5 Millionen km 2 Fläche, erfährt gegen- wärtig einen Zubau an installierter elektrischer Leistung von ca. 4,5 % jährlich und wird die 100 GW Marke 2008 erreicht haben. Die Energieversorgung stützt sich hauptsächlich auf große Wasserkraft- werke, die aber in den letzten Jahren aufgrund von zunehmendem Wassermangel nicht ihre volle Leistung einspeisen konnten. Dies hat zur Folge, dass ca. 70 % der Bevölkerung von Beschränkungen im Energieverbrauch betroffen sind. Aufgrund der Energieknappheit ist die brasilianische Regierung bestrebt, die erneuerbaren Energien zu forcieren. Die brasilianische Regierung startete im Jahr 2002 ein Al- ternatives Energie Programm (PROINFA), welches Anreize für den Ausbau von erneuerbaren Energien liefert. Dieses Programm ist so an- gelegt, dass im Laufe der nächsten 20 Jahre die erneuerbaren Ener- gien einen Anteil von 10 % an der brasilianischen Energieerzeugung erreichen sollen. Gegenwärtig beträgt die weltweit installierte Leis- tung von Windkraftanlagen 59 GW, wobei davon ca. 31 % an die Net- ze der deutschen Netzbetreiber angeschlossen sind. Der Beitrag zeigt einen allgemeinen Überblick über Probleme der Netzintegration von Energieerzeugern auf Basis erneuerbarer Energien. Weiterhin werden Lösungsvorschläge und deren mögliche Übernahme für den wach- senden Markt in Brasilien gezeigt. Abstract The Brazil a country with over 8.5 million km 2 of continental territo- ry and whose electric power market is experiencing growth on the or- der of 4.5 % per year, and should top the 100 GW mark by 2008. The Renewable Energies especially wind energy is moving the Brazilian government politically and economically, largely due to the electricity shortages that happened in the last years for water lack in the power- generation parks that is predominantly fed by hydraulic sources, forc- ing 70 percent of the population to cut back on energy consumption and sent the authorities scrambling to come up with solutions. The Brazilian government launched in 2002 the Alternative Energy Pro- gram (PROINFA), which provides incentives to renewable sources. The program is designed aiming the renewable sources to achieve 10 % of the Brazilian power production and this goal is supposed to be reached within the next 20 years. Actually there are 59 GW of wind power generation capacity installed around the world and about 31 % is connected to the German grid that is the country with bigger expe- rience into this area. This paper presents a general overview of the re- newable energies integration problems and solutions in Germany and possible implementation in the new growing market in Brazil. 1 Introduction The Brazilian Government launched in 2002, the Incentive Program for Alternative Electric Generation Sources (PROINFA). The main objective of this program is to provide incentives to renewable energy in Brazil, contributing to the development of clean technologies and the improve- ment of the quality of the environment, taking in consideration that ac- cording the preliminary estimates the potential of wind energy gener- ation in Brazil is 143,000 MW/h. The main goal of PROINFA is to establish incentives to make renewable energy economically competitive in the Brazilian electric sector. This aim is backed by the guarantee of wind energy purchase by the state- run ELETROBRAS (Holding of Brazilian Power System). The costs of wind energy production in Brazil are still nearly 40 percent higher than those related to hydroelectric production. But there is a tendency for wind energy to become cheaper, agree experts. In contrast, the costs of hydroelectric energy are on the rise, especially in environmental terms, because it requires the flooding of extensive forested or farm- ing areas in order to create the reservoirs and transmission is costly as the rivers that can be used to generate electricity are usually far from the urban centers that consume the electricity produced. Almost 70 % of the possible future hydroelectric projects will de- mand higher investment than those for the wind farm projects. Anoth- er advantage of the wind farm, relating to hydroelectric plants, is that all the area occupied by the wind farm could also be used for other pur- poses (cattle breeding, agriculture, etc.), or even preserved as a nat- ural habitat. According with the CBEE (Brazilian Wind Energy Center), the imple- mentation of wind energy in Brazil could also be used to solve the 75