1 st International Conference on Mobile Learning, Applications, and Services (mobilcase2012) 1 Abstract— The ProbMobile Learning Framework proposed in this study highlights the components of mobile learning resources, interactive questions, and group learning by utilizing mobile contents and mobile devices. This framework was tested in two Pre-U classes. A total of 176 participated in this study. The first study involved a class of 35 Pre-U Information Technology students who took part in a case study utilizing a standalone flashlite courseware. A second study involved 141 Pre-U Media students using a browser-based mobile website for learning. A mix-method approach was used to gather data through focus group interviews and questionnaire survey. The results of the studies shed some light on the feasibility of implementing a mobile learning framework for Probability lessons in Pre-U classes. Many of the students have positive reaction, such as active participation in class, increased classroom interaction, increased independent learning and increased engagement in classroom toward mobile learning activities. They favoured the interactive quiz for getting immediate feedback while attempting the quizzes. However, these studies also found that some students were not strong adopters as expected. Admittedly there is room for improvement, such as on the design of contents and delivery of ProbMobile through mobile application. Index Terms—mobile learning, probability, interactive learning, active learning. I. INTRODUCTION ROBABILITY theory is used extensively in various areas such as mathematics, statistics, finance, medical, science, investment, and philosophy. Probability is a central core of stochastic, and is a key concept to understand statistical inference. Sound probabilistic judgments support decision-making in crucial contexts. Teaching and learning probability is a challenging task because the concept of This work was supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) of Mininstry of Higher Learning (MOHE). A. C. Koo and her research team are the members of Mobile and Ubiquitous Learning SIG (MULearn) under the i-knowmedia Research Centre, Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University, 63100, Cyberjaya, Selangor. (Office: +603-83125544; fax: +603-8312-5554; e-mail: ackoo@mmu.edu.my). probability appears to be difficult and abstract. A more innovative way of teaching and learning probability is deemed essential. In this study, a mobile learning framework for Probability named “ProbMobile Learning Framework” (or ProbMobile in short) is proposed and examined for its feasibility in Pre-University classes at Malaysian higher learning institutions. Mobile learning is defined by Sharples et.al [1] as the processes of coming to know through conversations across multiple contexts among people and personal interactive technologies. This notion is closely linked to the constructivist learning theory [2], which emphasises that learning (e.g. Probability) will result in many viewpoints to be constructed, i.e. multiple perspectives in viewing a notion under studied; knowledge is always context dependent, and hence learning ought to occur in context to which is relevant. In this case, the group-learning context can be mobile; the viewpoints can be shared and verified by someone, and more importantly, to learn with less fear of misconceptions. A. Research Questions This paper reports the students’ verbal reactions and experiences while they learn within the context of the ProbMobile Learning framework. The findings will provide input to the improvement of ProbMobile Learning Framework. Two research questions are posed to address the purpose of the research: 1) What do students say about their experiences of mobile learning? 2) Is the proposed ProbMobile Learning Framework feasible and effective for probability lessons in Pre-U classes? II. LITERATURE REVIEW A. Challenge of Learning Mathematics There is a general pattern that the higher the level of specializing in mathematics, i.e. from, secondary to degree (in What Probability Students Say About Mobile Learning through ProbMobile Learning Framework Koo Ah-Choo, Mislina binti Atan @ Mohd Salleh*, Madhubala Bava Harji**, Amina Kiluwasha, Helena Song Sook-Yee. Faculty of Creative Multimedia, *Faculty of Business and Law, **Foundation Studies, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: ackoo@mmu.edu.my, mislina.atan@mmu.edu.my, madhu@mmu.edu.my, aminak2001@yahoo.com; helena.song@mmu.edu.my P