The Urban Review, VoI. 22, No. 2, 1990
CREEPING PRIVATIZATION AND ITS
IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOLING
IN THE INNER CITY
Geoff Whitty
During the 1980s, the Conservative government introduced a number of measures to
enhance choice and diversity in education. It claimed that these would be particularly
beneficial in Labour-controlled inner-city areas, where too many children were currently
receiving an inadequate education in poor neighborhood comprehensive schools. Three
of the government's initiatives--the assisted places scheme, city technology colleges,
and grant-maintained schools--are reviewed in this paper in the light of the evidence so
far available and the claims of critics that they are a subtle form of privatization. Despite
any benefits they may offer to individual children or schools, they are not seen to
constitute an adequate response to the problems facing education in the inner city.
Only about 7% of children of compulsory school age (5-16) in England and
Wales currently attend private schools. Since the 1940s, the vast majority of
children have attended state schools maintained by county, borough, or district
councils acting as local education authorities (LEAs), although some of these
schools, known as voluntary schools, have been run by the LEAs in conjunction
with the Anglican or Roman Catholic churches. Children of primary school age
(5-11) normally attend common schools taking all the children from a local
catchment area. Until the mid-1960s, children of secondary school age
(11-15 +) were usually segregated by ability into academic grammar schools,
technical schools, or secondary modem schools that provided a general
education for those who did not demonstrate a particular academic or technical
aptitude at the age of 11 or 13. However, during the 1960s and 1970s, these
schools were increasingly merged into comprehensive secondary schools
Geoff Whitty, Faculty of Education, Goldsmiths' College, University of London, New Cross,
London SE14 6NW, U.K.
Parts of this paper draw upon work carried out with Tony Edwards, John Fitz, and Sharon
Gewirtz under ESRC Research Grants C00230036 and C00232462 and with membersof the Bristol
Polytechnic Education Study Group.
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0042-0972/90/0600-0101506.00/0 © 1990 Human Sciences Press, Inc.