SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia Vol. 28, No. 3 (2013), pp. 516–41 DOI: 10.1355/sj28-3e
© 2013 ISEAS ISSN 0217-9520 print / ISSN 1793-2858 electronic
Constructing Rights: Indigenous Peoples at
the Public Hearings of the National Inquiry into
Customary Rights to Land in Sabah, Malaysia
Fadzilah Majid Cooke
Malaysia has declared its vision of developed country status by the
year 2020. Much has been written about its top-down development
approach, its relative economic success and the social as well as
environmental costs of such approach. In 2011 and 2012 the Human
Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM) set into motion a national
inquiry into the status of customary rights to land in the country. As part
of the inquiry, a nationwide series of consultations was held over several
months in 2012, culminating in formal public hearings in Peninsular
Malyasia, Sarawak and Sabah. A major objective of the inquiry was
to evaluate ways which could make development in Malaysia more
inclusive and delineate obstacles to a better acknowlegement of
indigenous peoples’ rights to customary land.
Keywords: Malaysia, indigenous rights, customary land, peoples’ organizations.
Processes of inclusion have been an important focus both of
theorizing on development and of practice concerned with promoting
the inclusion of marginalized or partially included groups in the
socio-political and economic life of society. In the political sphere,
theorizing about civil society and the expansion of political space has
sought to provide a “voice” to groups that have been traditionally
absent from politics and the politico-administrative system at the
local and other institutional or spatial scales (Weiss and Saliha 2003,
pp. 6–7; Moulaert et al. 2005, p. 1970).
In Malaysia, despite a tendency for state suppression of dissent
and distrust of non-government organizations (NGOs) (Weiss and