Jaiswal et al., Int J Med Lab Res 2017, 2(1): 7-14 www.ijmlr.com/IJMLR© All right are reserved ISSN 2456-4400 7 7 EXTRACTION OF DRUGS FROM BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS SUCH AS VISCERA, BLOOD, URINE AND VITREOUS HUMOUR *Dr. A.K. Jaiswal 1 , Pallavi Choudhary 1 , Surender 1 , Dr. T. Millo 1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi- 110029 Received:21 Mar, 2016/Accepted:6 Apr, 2017 ABSTRACT: Sample preparation is a basic step before any chemical or instrumental analysis. Liquid- liquid extraction is one of the basic steps for extraction of drug from any biological matrix such as blood, vitreous humour, urine etc. Among the highly sophisticated extraction procedures like solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase micro extraction (SPME), liquid phase extraction (LPE), liquid phase micro extraction (LPME) and distillation, liquid-liquid is still the basic preferred method. The paper explains the basic extraction procedure for extraction of acidic, basic and neutral drugs in variety of biological matrix. Other techniques have disadvantage of being costly because it requires specific infrastructure; chemicals of high purity and expertise while handling. The advantage of using liquid –liquid extraction over other procedures is that it can be attempted with basic laboratory setup. KEYWORDS: Extraction, sample preparation, biological matrix. INTRODUCTION: Extraction is a very common laboratory procedure using for isolating or purifying a product. Extraction methods are used to extract the different substance like various types of drugs, poisonous substances like insecticide, pesticide, rodenticides, herbicides, alcohol, vegetable poison, plant poison and alkaloids etc from the biological samples /spiked sample/post mortem sample like body fluids and viscera. Extraction can be done by various methods/techniques like solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase micro extraction (SPME), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), liquid phase extraction (LPE), liquid phase micro extraction (LPME) and distillation. Distillation is the process of making steam of volatiles poisons and distillate is collected at different volume for analysis of different volatile poisons. Extraction methods like solid phase and micro extraction are highly expensive but less time consuming. Technique like solvent extraction, liquid –liquid extraction is also called partitioning separation. This is economical and easy to perform. Before going for the liquid –liquid extraction (LLE) sample preparation method are done by methods like deproteinization, hydrolysis and digestion. By these methods the coloured sample are converted into the decolorized form by filtering. Liquid–liquid extraction is also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, separation of compounds based on their relative solubility in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. The extraction of the analyte is based on the RESEARCH ARTICLES INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL LABORATORY RESEARCH (IJMLR) Corresponding author: * Dr. A.K. Jaiswal , Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029