Amirfarhangi A, Dezfouli MG, Abarkar M, Rakhshan K, Aboutaleb N, et al., (2016) Protective Role of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium in the Infarcted Myocardium: The Potential Role of Selected Cytokines. Int J Stem Cell Res Transplant. 4(8), 243-250. 243 OPEN ACCESS http://scidoc.org/IJST.php Protective Role of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium in the Infarcted Myocardium: The Potential Role of Selected Cytokines Research Article Amirfarhangi A 1 , Dezfouli MG 2 , Abarkar M 3 , Rakhshan K 2 , Dashti S 2 , Fattahi-Dolat abadi M 4 , Nobakht M 5 , Mousavi Shabestari T 6 , Aboutaleb N 2* 1 Cardiology department, RasoulAkram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Physiology Research Center and Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3 Faculty members of University of Tehran. Tehran, Iran. 4 Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5 Department of Anatomy &Neuroscience, Facultyof Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. 6 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) ISSN 2328-3548 Abstract This study examines the protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned (CM) medium on heart tissue after in- duced myocardial infarction (MI). New Zealand White Rabbits were divided: MI, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (300 µl), CM(300 µl) and Control. Echocardiography was applied, and the levels ofIL-6, TGF-β and TNF-α were analyzed using ELISA. All tests were done 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the surgery. Histological studies were done 8 weeks after surgery. CM group showed a signiicant improvement in cardiac function. The level of IL-6 increased signiicantly in all weeks after surgery in CM. While the level of TNF-α increased remarkebly in CM group in 4 th week. TGF-β decreased signiicantly in CM group at all the times. Histological indings conirmed the tissue protection effect of CM. In conclusion, our results support the protective role of CM through its paracrine effects on the MI-induced heart. *Corresponding Author: Nahid Aboutaleb Physiology Research Center and Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +989123856305 Email: dr_nabo40@yahoo.com Received: August 29, 2016 Accepted: October 22, 2016 Published: October 26, 2016 Citation: Amirfarhangi A, Dezfouli MG, Abarkar M, Rakhshan K, Aboutaleb N, et al., (2016) Protective Role of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium in the Infarcted Myocardium: The Potential Role of Selected Cytokines. Int J Stem Cell Res Transplant. 4(8), 243-250. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2328-3548-1600037 Copyright: Aboutaleb N © 2016. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribu- tion and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of heart failure which eventually leads to myocardial cell injury and death. It occurs as a result of cardiomyocytes death resulting in loss of viable myocytes [1]. Following MI, due to inlammatory response, the death cells are removed and replaced by ibrous scar [2]. Dur- ing this process, various cytokines are produced which perform an important role in restoration of myocardial structure [3]. Moreover, since cytokines change in heart diseases, the recovery rate after treatment can be indicated by measuring the level of cy- tokines [4]. Cytokines are regarded as an autocrine and/or parac- rine factors which can induce various biological responses. Some of heart diseases are associated with cytokine activation leading to affecting different physiologic parameters; for example cardiac mechanical function [5]. Considering the critical role of inlam- mation in tissue repair process, by interfering in these paths, we can decrease the heart cell injury and improve the tissue repair. Even in common treatments such as β-adrenergic blockers, the inlammatory cascades are interfered; that is, TNF-α and TNF-α 1 and 2 are decreased [6, 7]. However, several studies have shown the complicated functions of cytokine; therefore, it is dificult to anticipate the therapeutic effects of cytokines. In spite of the fact that various kinds of treatment options have developed, the lost cardiomyocyte mass has failed to be replaced with new contractile cells. Due to the limited ability of self-regen- eration of heart cells, gene-and cell-based therapeutic approaches have been introduced [8]. In the recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have widely applied for the treatment of variety of diseases such as cancer [9], brain [10], lung [11] and liver diseases [12]. They also have gener- ated a great amount of interests for treatment of cardiovascu- lar disease. Due to secretion of various speciic cytokines, MSCs have had different clinical applications in recent years, which one of them is their application in treatment of myocardial infarction. The goal of this method is modulating of cytokines responses