Differ Equ Dyn Syst
DOI 10.1007/s12591-016-0327-5
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Algebraic and Singularity Properties of a Class
of Generalisations of the Kummer–Schwarz Equation
R. Sinuvasan
1
· K. M. Tamizhmani
1
·
P. G. L. Leach
2,3
© Foundation for Scientific Research and Technological Innovation 2016
Abstract The Kummer–Schwarz Equation, 2 y
′
y
′′′
− 3 y
′′ 2
= 0, (the prime denotes differ-
entiation with respect to the independent variable x ) is well known from its connection to
the Schwartzian Derivative and in its own right for its interesting properties in terms of sym-
metry and singularity. We examine a class of equations which are a natural generalisation of
the Kummer–Schwarz Equation and find that the algebraic and singularity properties of this
class of equations display an attractive set of patterns. We demonstrate that all members of
this class are readily integrable.
Keywords Kummer–Schwarz · Symmetries · Singularities · Integrability
Mathematics Subject Classification 34A05 · 34A34 · 34C14 · 22E60
Introduction
The Kummer–Schwarz Equation [11],
2 y
′
y
′′′
− 3 y
′′ 2
= 0, (1)
is notable amongst the class of third-order ordinary differential equations due to its properties
as a differential equation apart from its well-known connection to the Schwarzian Derivative.
B R. Sinuvasan
rsinuvasan@gmail.com
P. G. L. Leach
leach@ucy.ac.cy
1
Department of Mathematics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet 605 014, India
2
School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
3
Department of Mathematics, Institute for Systems Science, Durban University of Technology,
POB 1334, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
123