Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over CCN: A Caching and Overhead Analysis Yaning Liu, Joost Geurts and Jean-Charles Point JCP-Consult, France firstname.lastname@jcp-consult.com Stefan Lederer, Benjamin Rainer, Christopher M¨ uller, Christian Timmerer, and Hermann Hellwagner Alpen-Adria-Universit¨ at (AAU) Klagenfurt, Austria firstname.lastname@itec.aau.at Abstract—In this paper, we present our implementation and evaluation of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over Content centric networking (DASC) which implements MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) utilizing a Content Centric Networking (CCN) naming scheme to identify content segments in a CCN network. In particular, video segments formatted according to MPEG-DASH are available in different quality levels but instead of HTTP, CCN is used for referencing and delivery. Based on the conditions of the network, the DASC client issues interests for segments achieving the best throughput. Due to segment caching within the network, subsequent requests for the same content can be served quicker. As a result, the quality of the video a user receives progressively improves, effectively overcoming bottlenecks in the network. We present two sets of experiments to evaluate the performance of DASC showing that throughput indeed improves. However, the generated overhead is relatively large and the adaptation strategy used for DASH that assumes an end-to-end connection could be revised for the hop-by-hop architecture of CCN. Index Terms—Content Centric Networking, Dynamic Adaptive Streaming, HTTP Video Streaming, MPEG-DASH. I. I NTRODUCTION Video is expected to account for more than 55% of all Internet traffic [1] in 2016. According to comScore, the top two rankings in online video market in July 2012 in the US are the social media Web sites YouTube and Facebook [2]. In general, it is challenging to stream video over the current Internet architecture as this service is latency-sensitive and bandwidth-hungry. First, intermediate nodes such as Internet Protocol (IP) routers are designed to discard packets after they have been forwarded. This leads to a waste of network bandwidth and network congestion when the content is re- quested simultaneously and frequently respectively. Second, as IP provides a best-effort delivery, Quality of Service (QoS) is likely to degrade when the distance between the user and content provider is huge. Many overlay solutions such as Content Delivery Network (CDN) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks have been proposed and successfully deployed. However, these systems also have certain drawbacks [3]. CDN solutions are relatively complex to implement and the management is costly. On the other hand, CDNs are scalable but it is not easy to achieve a rapid network expansion due to the administrative and operation costs. P2P networks allow end users to share their resources (e.g. bandwidth and storage) with a low cost. However, P2P introduces more duplicated traffic and causes various ineffi- ciencies in resource distribution and network usage. P2P has been criticized by network operators [4] since the popularity of P2P applications causes increased network traffic. Content Centric Networking (CCN) [5] is a novel Internet architecture aiming to address the inherent inefficiencies in content delivery. Instead of referring to the physical location of data, CCN identifies content by its name. As a result, content can be stored anywhere in the network realizing in- network caching and allowing for efficient content distribution. Although the long-term goal of CCN is to replace IP-based network, it is also deployable as an overlay on IP networks to enable an smooth transition. In addition to inefficiency in content distribution, QoS also decreases due to network bottlenecks that may be caused by heterogeneous network connections (e.g., WiFi, 3G, and ADSL), or difficult network conditions (i.e., large round trip times and significant bandwidth fluctuations). Dynamic Adap- tive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is an emerging standard for adaptive streaming that was recently ratified by ISO/IEC MPEG to overcome these problems [6, 7]. DASH is agnostic to the used codecs and supports different transport formats such as the ISO Base Media File Format (ISOBMFF) [8]. It divides the media content into segments of different bit rates, resolutions, etc. and each segment is identified by an HTTP-URL. The relationship between the different versions is described in a so-called Media Presentation Description (MPD). Based on the MPD, a DASH client is able to download the most appropriate segment satisfying the users’ context, i.e., bandwidth conditions, preferences, etc. In this paper we present our implementation and evaluation of DASH over CCN (DASC). We will demonstrate that the throughput progressively converges to allow for high quality video overcoming bottlenecks in the network. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section II briefly high- lights related work. We describe the system design of DASC in Section III. Section IV shows the experimental results and discusses the pros and cons of DASC. Finally, Section V concludes the paper including future work. II. RELATED WORK The first concepts similar to Content Centric Networking are referred to as Named Data Networking and have been