THE AFRICAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL ISSN 1821-9373 VOLUME 2, ISSUE No. 2, DECEMBER 2016 Contents Editorial ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------v The Nature and Characteristics of Street Children from Single Parents in Dar es Salaam Albinus Makalle and NeemaNgware ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Preventing Recidivism in Nigerian Prisons through Provision of Educational Facilities: Experiencing National Open University of Nigeria Prisons’ Special Centers Niyi Adegoke ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Expropriation Losses and Entitlements in Tanzania: A Study of Compensational Rights of the Displaced Tenants Cletus E. Ndjovu --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 Assessment on the Inluence of Livestock Grazing on Plant Species Distribution Lawi Yohana-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 An Impression of Land and Housing Choices of the Emerging Middle Class: The Case of Makongo Juu, Dar es Salaam Tatu Mtwangi Limbumba ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72 The Inluence of Urbanization on Co-habitation: The Case of Uganda Fredrick Ruguma Tumwine and James Ntoz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87 Child Labour in Artisanal and Small Scale Mining: The Case of North Mara Mine ----------------------------- Jacob Mulikuza and Johnas A. Buhori ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------106 The Role of Local Administration in Creating the Informal City: A Case of Mtaa Leaders in Kimara Informal Settlement in Dar Es Salaam City Fortunatus Bahendwa --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------122 Urban Change and Social Dynamics in Tanzania’s Urban Centres: A Focus On Dar Es Salaam City Susan Rugano Gwalema -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------142 Experience of Financing Urban Authorities in Botswana- Opportunities and Challenges Prof. A. C. Mosha -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------163 Understanding Dar es Salaam City Municipal Solid Waste Management Crisis Through In-Depth Study for a Sustainable Solution Jumanne Daudi Kalwani ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------198 Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil around the Industries in Dar es Salaam City Josephat Alexander Saria----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Gender Equity in Accessing Housing Microinance in Urban Areas in Tanzania: A Case of Dar es Salaam Alphonce Kyessi and Daniel Msangi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------228