SOCIOLOGICAL BULLETIN
59 (3), September – December 2010, pp. 367-391
© Indian Sociological Society
The Collective Family and Migration Capital:
Women Workers in Bengaluru’s Garment Industry
Narendar Pani and Nikky Singh
As the debate on the family in India has developed a greater focus on
practice, there has been a need to understand the vast diversity of this
institution. While such an emphasis on detail is essential, it also tends
to take attention away from more comprehensive concepts that are
needed to understand processes that cover different types of families.
Among these processes is the role the family plays in migration. In
this paper we use a field view of the households of women working in
Bengaluru’s garment industry to develop concepts of collective house-
holds and collective families. We then use a modified version of the
concept of migration capital to argue that collective families play a
critical role in the process of migration, cutting across the economic,
the social and the cultural.
[Keywords: Bengaluru (Bangalore); family; household; migration;
women workers]
The debate on the nature of the family in India is an old and still
continuing one. At one level, the debate has been over whether the Indian
family is moving from being a joint family to a nuclear one, with some
sociologists speaking of the myth of disintegration of the joint family
(Patel 2005). At another, it has been a question of whether the idea of a
Hindu joint family itself owes more to texts than to actual practice. The
shift in focus to what actually exists in the field has been accompanied
by a desire for greater conceptual rigour. This has resulted in increased
attention being paid to the household. The variation across households
had led to several household-classification schemes being ‘devised by
sociologists to enable them to capture with greater precision the multiple