Nuclear Engineering and Design 74 (1982) 215-221 215
North-Holland Publishing Company
EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL THERMAL-HYDRAULIC RESULTS OF FLUID
AND THERMAL MIXING TESTS
Yassin A. HASSAN
Babcock & Wilcox Company, Power Generation Group, P.O. Box 1260, Lynchburg, VA 24505, USA
Received 21 December 1982
Experimental and computational analyses of a mixing test of cold and hot water flows in a rectangular tee model of the cold
leg downcomer geometry of pressurized water reactor were performed. Results obtained from COMMIX-IA computer code
calculations showed reasonable agreement with the experimental findings. Counter-current flow and thermal stratification in
the cold leg were observed in both the experimental and calculated results for certain ranges of test parameters.
1. Introduction
During a design basis small break loss-of-coolant
accident (SBLOCA), the injection of relatively cold high
pressure (HPI) water into the cold leg of a pressurized
water reactor (PWR) may present the possibility that
cold injection fluid will stratify and thermally stress the
surface of the reactor vessel wall. This stress can propa-
gate pre-existing flaws and result in through-wall crack-
ing of the reactor pressure vessel. As a part of its
Research and Development program in nuclear reactor
safety, the Babcock & Wilcox Company performed sim-
ple tests to investigate the phenomena of fluid and
thermal mixing of HPI and system fluids. A follow-up
to that study was to simulate those tests using the
COMMIX-IA computer code [1] and to compare the
results to experimental findings.
COMMIX-IA is a three-dimensional steady-state,
transient, single-phase flow computer code for thermal-
hydraulic analyses of single component and multicom-
ponent fluid systems. COMMIX-1A was developed by
Argonne National Laboratory and has been assessed for
a range of applications [2-6]. The concepts of surface
permeability and volume porosity are employed in
COMMIX-IA, greatly facilitating the modeling of the
anisotropic characteristics of flow blockage in the
medium.
The governing equations employed in the COM-
MIX-1A code are described below
1. Conservation of mass:
ap +
~v~ ~,. (~jpu) = 0; (1)
2. Conservation of momentum:
~pu~ ~-~j(~,jpu~uj)
"tv~ f - +
OP
= -Yv~-+-~xy(VJSi)+ ' Yv#gi-yvR ' ;ox , (2)
3. Conservation of energy:
~oh , a_~j(~jOujh )
; ~'v-~- + -- + ~,v0. (3)
Oxj ~J Keel ~-~xj.
Here, 0 is the density, u is a velocity vector, h is the
enthalpy, P is the pressure, x is the coordinate direction,
t is the time, Kef f is the effective thermal conductivity, r
is the shear stress, g is the gravitational acceleration and
Tis the temperature. The terms ~'v, Yi, Ri and 0 are the
volume porosity, surface permeability, distributed resis-
tance and distributed heat source, respectively. In the
above equations, a repeated index implies the sum of
three terms. The code solves the conservation equations
as a boundary value problem in space and an initial-
0029-5493/82/0000-0000/$02.75 © 1982 North-Holland