Evidence-Based Practice: The Psychology of EBP Implementation Denise M. Rousseau 1 and Brian C. Gunia 2 1 Heinz College of Public Policy, Information, and Management and Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; email: denise@cmu.edu 2 Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202-1099; email: brian.gunia@jhu.edu Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2016. 67:667–92 First published online as a Review in Advance on September 11, 2015 The Annual Review of Psychology is online at psych.annualreviews.org This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033336 Copyright c  2016 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Keywords evidence-based practice, decision supports, evidence appraisal, critical thinking, protocols and checklists, practice-oriented evidence Abstract Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach used in numerous professions that focuses attention on evidence quality in decision making and action. We review research on EBP implementation, identifying critical underlying psychological factors facilitating and impeding its use. In describing EBP and the forms of evidence it employs, we highlight the challenges individuals face in appraising evidence quality, particularly that of their personal experience. We next describe critical EBP competencies and the challenges underlying their acquisition: foundational competencies of critical thinking and domain knowledge, and functional competencies such as question formulation, evidence search and appraisal, and outcome evaluation. We then review research on EBP implementation across diverse fields from medicine to management and organize findings around three key contributors to EBP: practitioner ability, motivation, and opportunity to practice (AMO). Throughout, important links between psychology and EBP are highlighted, along with the contributions psychological research can make to further EBP development and implementation. 667 Click here to view this article's online features: • Download figures as PPT slides • Navigate linked references • Download citations • Explore related articles • Search keywords ANNUAL REVIEWS Further Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2016.67:667-692. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Brian Gunia on 01/05/16. For personal use only.