Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Translating plant community responses to habitat loss into conservation practices: Forest cover matters Maíra Benchimol a,⁎ , Eduardo Mariano-Neto a,b , Deborah Faria a , Larissa Rocha-Santos a , Michaele de Souza Pessoa a , Francisco Sanches Gomes b , Daniela Custodio Talora a , Eliana Cazetta a a PPG Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil b Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Atlantic forest Extinction debt Extinction threshold Forest Code Forest cover Habitat fragmentation ABSTRACT Unveiling the minimum amount of habitat required for different taxa represents a great contribution of ecologists to conservation management actions at the landscape-scale. However, groups from different life-stages are likely to exhibit divergent shifts in species diversity and community composition, yet greatly neglected in ecological studies. We sampled adult and juvenile tree assemblages at twenty sites of Brazilian Atlantic Forest surrounded by different percentages of forest cover remaining at the landscape-level (3–93%) to compare patterns of species richness and community composition between both life-stages in response to habitat amount. We also investigated distinct functional guild responses (proportion of species and stems of shade-intolerant, biotically-dispersed and large-seeded species) among adult and juvenile trees to forest cover reduction. We hypothesize that juveniles will exhibit dissimilar community composition, faster responses, and higher vulnerability of functional guilds to forest loss than adults. Our results indicate that community composition was markedly different among life-stages and strongly correlated with forest cover. Additionally, the number of species of both life-stages was negatively affected by landscape-scale forest loss, exhibiting a greater decline of species richness when forest cover was reduced to < 19.5% and 34.6% of forest cover, for adults and juveniles, respectively. Forest loss might led to non-random floristic shifts, characterized by an increased proportional representation of shade-intolerant species and stems from both life-stages, a severe decline of biotically- dispersed adult species, and reduction in large-seeded juvenile species in severely deforested landscapes. Of uppermost importance, our results show that young assemblages are not mirroring the preceding generation, indicating that future woody plant communities are likely to exhibit an impoverished sample of the original biota with subsequent loss of functionality in deforested landscapes. Given that 20% of native vegetation at the property-scale is the legal minimum amount required by the current Brazilian Forest Code in the Atlantic Forest, we reveal that this amount is not enough to safeguard diverse plant communities e particularly juveniles, an essential group of population dynamics, which require greater forest cover amount at the landscape-scale. We strongly recommend the implementation of restoration projects within severely fragmented landscapes. 1. Introduction Habitat loss and fragmentation have so far been recognized as major drivers of biodiversity loss (Fahrig, 2013; Hanski, 2015), with subse- quent environmental perturbations leading species to local extinction and/or population reduction (Foley et al., 2005). Nevertheless, biolo- gical groups differ in the amount of time taken to become extinct according to their competitive dominance, resulting in distinct extinc- tion debts – i.e., differences on the number of extant species predicted to disappear following habitat change (Tilman et al., 1994). Especially in deforested and fragmented landscapes, the minimum amount of suitable habitat required for the persistence of a species (known as extinction thresholds) considerably differ among taxa, in which species exhibiting long generation times and populations near their extinction threshold are prone to have an extinction debt (Kuussaari et al., 2009). The knowledge of the species, population or community-specific extinction thresholds becomes an extremely useful approach to imple- ment conservation measures, such as the amount of habitat expansion http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.03.024 Received 22 November 2016; Received in revised form 21 March 2017; Accepted 27 March 2017 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: mairabs02@gmail.com (M. Benchimol). Biological Conservation 209 (2017) 499–507 Available online 05 April 2017 0006-3207/ © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. MARK