Case Report Tracheal Papilloma Treated with Cryotherapy and Interferon-: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Fatma YJldJrJm, 1 Murat Türk, 1 Sedat Demircan, 2 Nalan Akyürek, 3 and Ahmet Selim Yurdakul 1 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of horacic Surgery, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 3 Department of Pathology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Correspondence should be addressed to Fatma Yıldırım; fatma bodur2000@yahoo.com Received 21 December 2014; Revised 11 February 2015; Accepted 11 February 2015 Academic Editor: Motoshi Takao Copyright © 2015 Fatma Yıldırım et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Tracheal papilloma (TP) is characterized by papillomatous growth of the bronchial epithelium that involves the trachea as a response to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. A 40-year-old male, with 3-month history of progressive dyspnea was admitted to our hospital, and there were no any other respiratory symptoms. Physical examination was unremarkable. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed that there was a papillomatous mass at the distal trachea. he lesion occupied 80% of tracheal lumen. his patient received cryotherapy and mechanical debridement under general anesthesia and postoperative pathology showed endotracheal papillomatosis. Patient was treated with interferon- (IFN-) and he showed no recurrence at the 8th month of his therapy. 1. Introduction Tracheal papilloma (TP) is a neoplastic lesion secondary to tracheal manifestation of recurrent respiratory papillo- matosis (RRP) and characterized by papillomatous growth of the bronchial epithelium as a response to Human Papil- loma Virus (HPV) infection. Recurrent bronchoscopic inter- ventions and adjuvant medical therapy are needed in its management. It should be closely followed up since malign transformation is reported especially in smokers. Here we present a case of solitary tracheal papilloma that underwent bronchoscopic endobronchial therapy and had no recurrence during follow-up under medical therapy. 2. Case 40-year-old, active smoker male presented with progressive shortness of breath for the last three months. He had no other respiratory or systemic symptoms. His physical exami- nation was unremarkable other than decreased lung sounds. Routine blood tests and chest X-ray were normal (Figure 1). At chest computed tomography (CT) a mass was seen at the distal trachea, nearly obstructing the lumen (Figure 2). At iberoptic bronchoscopic (FOB) evaluation, there was a papillomatous lesion at the posterolateral wall of the distal 1/3 of trachea, causing ∼80% obstruction at the lumen (Figure 3). he lesions were extracted under general anesthesia via endobronchial therapy by rigid bronchoscopy (mechanical debridement and cryotherapy). In the pathology, squamous epithelial hyperplasia of bronchial epithelium with small papillomatous structures was seen (Figure 4). here was perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolisation (koilocytosis) in some cells at the supericial aspect of the epithelium. here were no dysplastic changes in the epithelial cells (Figure 5). Immunohistochemical studies for determining etiology were positive for HPV. Polymerase chain reaction ampliication detected HPV type 6 DNA in the papilloma tissue. Subcutaneous interferon-2 (IFN-) treatment was started in doses of 3 million units per square meter 3 times per week. Computed tomography and bronchoscopic evalua- tion at the 3rd month of the treatment showed no recurrence (Figure 6) and IFN- treatment was continued for 6 months. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Pulmonology Volume 2015, Article ID 356796, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/356796