Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Urology Volume 2013, Article ID 675059, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/675059 Case Report Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Bladder Tumor in a Patient with Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome Antonio Marte, 1 Paolo Indolfi, 2 Carmine Ficociello, 2 Daniela Russo, 3 Matilde Oreste, 2 Gaetano Bottigliero, 2 Giovanna Gualdiero, 2 Ciro Barone, 2 Elena Vigliar, 3 Cristiana Indolfi, 2 and Fiorina Casale 2 1 Pediatric Surgery, Second University of Naples, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy 2 Pediatric Oncology Service, Pediatric Department, Second University of Naples, Italy 3 Pathology Department, Federico II University of Naples, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Antonio Marte; antonio.marte@unina2.it Received 12 June 2013; Accepted 10 July 2013 Academic Editors: S.-S. Chen, A. Goel, and M. Sheikh Copyright © 2013 Antonio Marte et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Inlammatory myoibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neoplasm described in several tissues and organs including genitourinary system, lung, head, and neck. he etiology of IMT is contentious, and whether it is a postinlammatory process or a true neoplasm remains controversial. To our knowledge, we report the irst reported case of IMT of urinary bladder in a pediatric patient with Wolf-Hirschhorn (WHS). We also review the literature about patients with associated neoplasia. 1. Introduction IMT is a rare neoplasm usually seen in children and adoles- cents, mostly occurring between 2–16 years of age. Females are afected slightly more commonly than males. It is also known as cellular inlammatory pseudotumor, plasma cell granuloma, and inlammatory ibrosarcoma and is composed of spindle cells with associated inlammatory cells iniltrate [1]. his type of tumor has been described in several organs and anatomical sites including genitourinary system where the tumor usually originates in the bladder, but it has also been reported in the kidney, urethra, prostate, ureter, and rete testis [2]. he etiology of IMT, its behavior, and its cell of origin remain matters of debate [1]. Originally considered a lesion with a benign clinical course, it is now clear that IMT can have an aggressive behavior and, occasionally, an unfa- vorable prognosis [3]. For this reason, it is important to difer- entiate this lesion from sarcoma for therapeutic management, and this can be diicult both clinically and histologically [3]. To gain more knowledge about this rare tumor, we reported a case of IMT of the urinary bladder in a girl with WHS. 2. Case Report A previously healthy 8-year-old female, with WHS, was admitted to our clinic in February 2012 for a persistent abdominal pain and macroscopic hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a multilobated tumor in the bladder adhering to the let bladder wall. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of abdomen conirmed these indings, and a solid mass (approximate size 5 × 4.5 cm) iniltrating the dome and the let bladder wall not extending to perivesical tissues nor lymph node enlargement was revealed. Due to ultrasonographic (Figure 1) and CT scan features (large base, poor vascularization, multilobated appearance, and size >4 cm), the patient underwent cystoscopic multiple biopsies. Histopathology revealed a spindle cell lesion with mixed inlammatory cells in the background. According to histopathology and immunohistochemical characteristics, a provisional diagnosis of IMT was made. Because of the size of the tumor, a complete transurethral resection was not technically possible and a chemotherapy or radiotherapy was not justiied in the absence of histological malignant tissue,