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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN THE ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT OF ZIMBABWE: A CASE STUDY OF ZIM ASSET
GERALD MUNYORO, DUMEZWENI NCZOMANI & BLESSING MHERE-CHIGUNHAH
Graduate Business School, School of Entrepreneurship and Business Sciences,
Chinhoyi University Technology, Zimbabwe
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to establish the significance of special economic zones (SEZs) to the economic
development of Zimbabwe. This also included establishing the existence of SEZs in Zimbabwe; evaluating their
contribution to the economic development of Zimbabwe and making recommendations to policy makers. In addition, the
study also attempted to identify the relationship between special economic zones with some of the determinants of
economic development, such as employment creation, foreign direct investment, technology transfer and infrastructure
development. The study utilized phenomenology, philosophy and a case study research design which made use of
questionnaires and focus groups and the data was analyzed using qualitative data analysis (QDA). In addition, the study
utilized a sample of 400 respondents. The results of the study show that there are no special economic zones in Zimbabwe
due to lack of relationship between special economic zones and determinants of economic development. The study
therefore concluded that although the special economic zones are significant to the economic development of Zimbabwe
but they do not exist in the country and are outdated. Thus, it was recommended that policy makers should be consistent in
policy pronouncements and should use the bottom-up approach rather than top-down approach in order to formulate and
implement successful economic policies. Additionally, there is a need for the government to adopt a coordinated approach
as a way of keeping other stakeholders informed. Furthermore, there is a need for the new economic policies to involve
other stakeholders in the successful implementation of these critical policies such as industrial clusters-which are more
effective than special economic zones.
KEYWORDS: Special Economic Zones, Economic Development, Zima Set Economic Blueprint, Policies, Local
Government
INTRODUCTION
The development of Zimbabwean policies, like all other international policies has been advanced premised on the
agendas of those in power as noted by Adesina (2007). Furthermore, Munyoro et al (2016) proffered that an understanding
of the nexus between the agendas of the ruling elite and public policy formulation is important as it defines the context in
which current policies are formulated, implemented and promoted. Therefore, the observations offered above to assist in
understanding the context in which major economic policies in Zimbabwe have been formulated, implemented and
promoted over the years. As Shier (2003) and Mhone (2008) noted, Zimbabwe inherited an economy rooted on colonial
legacy, largely based on a philosophy of white supremacy that resulted in a dual and enclave economy. As such, the major
objective of the new government was to address the economic inequalities of the colonial regime by implementing
nationalistic agendas of nation building and economic growth as noted by Adesina (2007) and Zhou (2012). Hence,
BEST: International Journal of Management, Information
Technology and Engineering (BEST: IJMITE)
ISSN (P): 2348-0513, ISSN (E): 2454-4728
Vol. 5, Issue 05, May 2017, 1-18
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