153 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 J.C. Sarriera, L.M. Bedin (eds.), Psychosocial Well-being of Children and Adolescents in Latin America, Children’s Well-Being: Indicators and Research 16, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-55601-7_8 Chapter 8 School and Neighborhood: Inluences of Subjective Well-Being in Chilean Children Denise Oyarzún Gómez, Ferran Casas, Jaime Alfaro Inzunza, and Paula Ascorra Costa 8.1 Introduction At the international level, the civil society and governments are interested in the well-being of children and adolescents, which has led to proposals for its evaluation in this age group since the late twentieth century, incipiently introducing children’s and adolescents’ voices as legal subjects and active players in society. Several studies show that the relationship between the cognitive component of subjective well-being (i.e. life satisfaction) and sociodemographic variables, such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status, is weak or that the contribution to their prediction is modest (Gilman & Huebner, 2003; Huebner et al., 2005; Proctor, Linley & Maltby, 2009). Moreover, the percentage of variance, explained by these variables, ranges from 5 to 10% (Bradshaw et al., 2011; Rees et al., 2012). Thus, it is assumed that sociodemographic variables are not capable of explaining the variation of subjective well-being on their own (Goswami, 2013; Newland et al. 2014; Rees et al., 2012). D.O. Gómez (*) Pontiicia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile Universidad de Girona, Girona, Spain e-mail: deniseoyarzun@gmail.com F. Casas Senior Professor of Social Psychology, Emeritus Professor of the University of Girona (UdG), Llinars del Vallés (Barcelona) e-mail: ferran.casas@udg.edu J.A. Inzunza Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile e-mail: jalfaro@udd.cl P.A. Costa Pontiicia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile e-mail: paula.ascorra@pucv.cl