Role of Shelfbreak Upwelling in the Formation of a Massive Under-ice Bloom in the Chukchi Sea Michael A. Spall 1 , Robert S. Pickart 1 , Eric T. Brugler 1 , G.W.K Moore 2 , Leif Thomas 3 , Kevin R. Arrigo 3 , October 2013 submitted to Deep-Sea Research II Corresponding Author: M.A. Spall (mspall@whoi.edu) 1 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA 2 University of Toronto; Toronto, OT M5S 1A1 Canada 3 Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA