Kaöubsk˝ du·l Vladislav Knoll (Praha) The Dual in Kashubian The dual is a morphological category that has completely disappeared in most Indo-European languages, but may have left traces in the morphosyntax. The case of Kashubian, described in the following article, shows the process of extinction of this category in the last two centuries, and at the same time, its influence on the process of the birth of a literary language which took place in parallel. The fall of the dual in this small Slavonic language is introduced by compar- ing preserved forms and the structure of the corresponding paradigm in Kashubian with exist- ing forms in other languages. The key focus of the study includes grammar and literary works which represent many interpretations of the semantic value and use of the dual, allowing to fol- low the steps of the degrammaticalization of a grammatical category appearing in the history of other languages. The question related to the last living forms that may be interpreted seman- tically as the dual (the paradigm of the first person pronoun and corresponding verb endings) remains semi-open. Key words: dual, degrammaticalization, Kashubian, historical grammar, literary language Kaöubötina je n·m blÌzk˝, ale z·roveÚ nep¯Ìliö zn·m˝ z·padoslovansk˝ jazyk, jenû vykazuje jak archaismy, tak i ¯adu progresivnÌch rys˘, kterÈ nejsou v jin˝ch slovan- sk˝ch jazycÌch obvyklÈ. Vzhledem ke zdÏdÏnÈ n·vaznosti na jiû zaniklÈ perifernÌ slo- vanskÈ dialekty a ke svÈ pr·vÏ probÌhajÌcÌ emancipaci kaöubötina poskytuje moûnost sledovat v˝voj nÏkter˝ch jazykov˝ch jev˘, zn·m˝ch z historie jin˝ch slovansk˝ch jazyk˘, tak¯ka v p¯ÌmÈm p¯enosu. NavÌc dÌky nemalÈ n·¯eËnÌ rozt¯ÌötÏnosti a poly- centrismu kaöubskÈ slovesnÈ kultury nach·zÌme vedle sebe v˝sledky r˘zn˝ch v˝vo- jov˝ch f·zÌ nÏkter˝ch fenomÈn˘. Mezi nÏ m˘ûeme ¯adit nap¯Ìklad pozvoln˝ z·nik volnÈho p¯Ìzvuku, 1) deafrikatizaci kontinuanty starÈho *dj z / dz/ na / z/, 2) denaza- lizaci 3) Ëi zanik·nÌ du·lu, jemuû je vÏnov·n tento Ël·nek. P¯i ËetbÏ kaöubsk˝ch text˘ Ëi poslechu mluvenÈ kaöubötiny m˘ûeme narazit na du·lovÈ tvary, z nichû nÏkterÈ zn·me i z jin˝ch souËasn˝ch slovansk˝ch jazyk˘ vËet- nÏ Ëeötiny, ostatnÌ tak bÏûnÏ rozö̯enÈ nejsou. NaöÌm ˙kolem zde bude nejprve identifikovat existujÌcÌ Ëi doloûenÈ form·lnÏ du·lovÈ formy, coû se neobejde bez srovn·nÌ s jin˝mi slovansk˝mi jazyky a dialekty, a n·slednÏ se pokusit vysledovat na z·kladÏ jazykovÏdn˝ch anal˝z, mluvnic a zejmÈna liter·rnÌch text˘ v˝voj pouûitÌ t˝chû forem. Pr·vÏ p¯ihlÈdnutÌ k psanÈ kaöubötinÏ r˘zn˝ch Ëasov˝ch obdobÌ by n·m SLAVIA časopis pro slovanskou filologii ročník 83, 2014, sešit 3 1/ Kaöubsk˝ are·l lze z·kladnÏ dÏlit pr·vÏ podle charakteru p¯Ìzvuku. Ten je na severu voln˝ a pohybliv˝ s r˘zn˝mi region·lnÌmi nuancemi, kolumnov˝ ve st¯ednÌch Kaöub·ch a na jihu inici·lnÌ. 2/ KoexistujÌ tvary cudzy ëcizÌí (na jihu) a cÎzy (ve st¯edu a na severu), v zanikl˝ch n·¯eËÌch slovinsk˝ch p¯itom bylo i noze ënozeí (v dneönÌ kaöubötinÏ st·le nodze). 3/ Setk·v·me se s formami pi ã c/piÒc ëpÏtí, wi ã cy/ wicy ëvÌceí, ale (podobnÏ jako v Malo- polsku) jiû i s tvarem zob mÌsto zπb ëzubí.