INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOASSAYS ISSN: 2278-778X CODEN: IJBNHY ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS *Corresponding Author: Dr. Neenu Khanna, Department of Physiology, G. G. S. Medical College, BFUHS, Faridkot, India. 3926 POSITIVE CORRELATION OF GENETIC TRANSMITTANCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES IN ADULTS OF MAJHA REGION OF PUNJAB Neenu Khanna 1* and Ram Sarup Sharma 2 1 Department of Physiology, G. G. S. Medical College, BFUHS, Faridkot, Punjab, India 2 Department of Physiology, Govt. Medical College, BFUHS, Amritsar, Punjab, India Received for publication: March 21, 2015; Accepted: April 27, 2015 INTRODUCTION Family history represents the integration of shared genomic and environment risk factors. First degree relatives (IDRs) share half their genomic information and also behaviour, life styles, beliefs, culture and physical environment, so their disease experience may offer a clue to shared susceptibilities. This suggests that a Ǯlow techǯ clinical approach-family history-might be a practical and useful way to target interventions and disease prevention efforts to those most at risk. 1 The unprecedented economic development and rapid urbanization in Asian countries, particularly in India has led to a shift in health problems from communicable to non-communicable diseases. 2 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has become a worldwide epidemic and a major public health burden in the 21st Century. 3 It is one of the most common non- communicable diseases and the fifth leading cause of death in the world. 4 The Indian Diabetic Federation (IDF) estimated that in 2003 the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (among 20-79 years old) was 194 million with the expectation that this number would increase to 333 million by 2025. 4 This figure is in agreement with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that 366 million people would have type 2 diabetes mellitus by 2030. 5 The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day all over the world. Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality the world over. Diabetes mellitus is expected to continue as a major health problem owing to serious complications. 6 Approximately half of the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes has been attributed to environmental exposures and the other half to genetics, making it a consequence of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. 7 Risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes, peculiar to the Indian population are high familial aggregation, central obesity, insulin resistance and life style changes due to urbanization. In India nearly 75% of the Type 2 diabetics have first degree family history of diabetes indicating a strong familial aggregation. 8 Microvascular diabetic complications include retinopathy which may lead to adult-onset blindness, nephropathy causing kidney failure, peripheral neuropathy leading to foot ulcers and potential limb amputation, and autonomic neuropathy leading to gastrointestinal and genitourinary complications. In addition, macrovascular complications are common and include sexual dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. 9 Anthropometry provides the single most portable, universally applicable, inexpensive and non- invasive technique for assessing the size, proportions and composition of the human body. Basic anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference) and their derived indices (body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist-height ratio) are used as indicators for the presence of diseases and their assessment in clinical practice. 7 A number of studies have been conducted abroad regarding changes in various anthropometric Abstract: Family history represents the integration of shared genomic and environment risk factors. First degree relatives (IDRs) share half their genomic information and also behavior, life styles, beliefs, culture and physical environment, so their disease experience may offer a clue to shared susceptibilities. This suggests that a Ǯlow techǯ clinical approach -family history- might be a practical and useful way to target interventions and disease prevention efforts to those most at risk. Diabetes Mellitus ȋDMȌ is an Dzicebergdz disease seen in all age groups. )ndia shall have the largest number of diabetics by 00. Anthropometry provides the single most portable, universally applicable, inexpensive and non-invasive technique for assessing the size, proportions and composition of the human body. This study has been conducted to determine whether such abnormalities can be detected in healthy young adults with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus at an early age that may presage the onset of this chronic disease. The present study will be the conducted among 200 healthy adults (20-30 years of age) of Amritsar city (100 having family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 age matched adults serve as control group).The basic anthropometric measurements of height, weight, hip circumference, waist circumference and the derived indices body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and waist height ratio (WHtR) were determined from these basic measures. The various basic and derived anthropometric indices showed changes in healthy adult offspring of the parents with history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results were statistically analyzed by using SPSS Software version 17.0. All the derived anthropometric indices are significantly increased in young healthy adults (20-30yrs of age) having positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Key words: Family history, type 2 diabetes mellitus, derived anthropometric indices