Deployment of D-2-D Communication, Challenges and Related Work Muhammad Amir Khlail, Riaz Hussain, Zaka-Ur-Rehman Department Of Electrical Engineering, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad,Pakistan. Email : sp15-ree-057@student.comsats.edu.pk Abstract—Device-to-Device (D-2-D) is a techniques in LTEA in which proximity device can directly route data traffic to improve the energy efficiency, throughput, delay as well as spectrum effi- ciency. Initially D-2-D communication is introducing in cellular network to enhance the performance and offload the network,but there are challenges to implement D-2-D communication in cellular network which are highlight in this paper. To date, there are more than 120 research papers on D-2-D communication and there is 2 or 4 survey paper on D-2-D communication. In this paper, we provided a small comprehensive study of D-2-D communication and related research work about the problems which we are face to implement D-2-D communication in cellular network. key word: Device-to-Device, Base station, Long Term Evolution Advance I. I NTRODUCTION Increasing the usage of smartphone and other hand held communication devices like tablets etc, increasing demand of higher data rates, spectrum resources and low latency. The forceful increasing of bandwidth due to hungry application such like as video streaming and interactive file system already limited the bandwidth of latest cellular network. To manage these requirements in existing cellular structure D-2-D is soaring topic for research now these days. In the next few decades, imaged media rich cell application will required data rates simply not support by the fourth generation (4G) network [1]. Demand of high data rate and capability required improper thinking for the next generation cellular system. In the context, cooperative communications represent a up-and coming technology, which has attracted a lot of thinking of research community in the last of few years. Cooperative communication is promising technology in the cellular system in which node helps each other to realize spatial diversity bene- fits. Cooperative communications get performance gain in term of link reliability, higher throughput, and low latency, extend range, energy efficiency, low interference and better spectrum utilization. Cooperative communication has been studies in the literature and fixed terminal relaying, has already been include in the 4G Long Term Evolution Advance Standard (LTE-A) [1]. Improvement is occurred in cellular system by using the fixed terminal relaying. But fully cooperative communication system can be developing by using the device relaying imple- mentation. The device term refers to the cell or anything that is used by the users. Device relaying make possible for the other devices for transmission relay in a network. So, cooperative communication is possible through the device-to-device com- munication (D-2-D) which allow communicating with each other directly which are in proximity or nearest to each other. In D-2-D communication base station can be involvement and base station has limited involvement. D-2-D communication is different form the conventional cellular system. Until in cellular network D-2-D communication is not consider a use full it is consider only in local area network to reduce the load of the network. D-2-D communication has attract of opera- tors recently years because many trends in wireless cellular market[2]. Because due to increasing the number of smart phones application and services are increasing rapidly. These application required to communicate with neighbor device and location discovery for communicate with the neighboring devices to reduce the functionality and cost of communication between devices. D-2-D communication play an important role in cloud computing such as spectrum sharing, resource allocation, computational power for those device which are close to each other [1]. Further D-2-D communication offload the network in the condition where are crowed people like a stadium, people can communicate directly with each other that are want to communicate. Furthermore D-2-D communication provided benefits in natural disasters, like earth quick in which area are coming, the cellular system are failed, so for urgent communication D-2-D communication is take place in these condition. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are the functionality of D-2-D com- munication which takes place in unlicensed band, in which interference, security, QoS of data are not guarantee as given in cellular system. So, operators and vendors are trying to introducing D-2-D communication in the cellular system with licensed band. Some work have been done in D-2-D com- munication with existing cellular system such as interference management issues , resources allocation and device discovery for D-2-D communication[3]. In this paper we first introduce classification of D2D, with respect to network and defined different type of D2D commu- nication . Then the current issues of D-2-D communication including interference, resources allocation, device discovery 978-1-5090-2000-3/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 398