CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Introduction Universally, most of our urban population are facing increasing challenges from numerous natural and man-made pressures such as rapid urbanization, climate change, terrorism and increased risks from natural hazards. Cities must learn to adapt and thrive in the face of these diverse challenges - they must learn how to build resilience in an uncertain world. Wilbanks (2007) states that urban resilience has conventionally been defined as the capability to prepare for, respond to, and recovers from significant multi-hazard threats with minimum damage to public safety and healthy economy and security of a given urban area. It became the capacity of individual, communities, institutions, business and system within a city to survive, adapt and grow no matter what kind of chronic stress and acute shocks they may experience. According to Godshalk (2002) resilience city is a sustainable network of physical system and communities’ physical systems according to him are the constructed and natural environment component of the city. They include its roads, buildings, infrastructure, communication facilities, soil, topography, geology, water way and the like the system acts as the body of the city, its bone, arteries and muscles. In most developed nations, all new developments are assessed for flood risks. The aim is to ensure flood risk is taken into account in all stages of the planning process to avoid inappropriate development in area of high risks. When development is required in area of high risk, structure should be built to flood-resistant standard and living or working area should be raised well above the worst case scenario flood levels. Flooding either from event, rise in sea levels or infrastructural failures are major causes of death, diseases and economic losses throughout the world. Climate change and rapidly expanding urban settlement are two factors that are leading to the increasing occurrences of severity of urban flood events, especially in the developing countries (IPCC, 2007). In cities with poor or absent of drainage infrastructure, flooding can also lead to the contamination of drinking water source ( aquifers,well,inland water ways) with salt water, chemical pollution and most frequently, viral and bacterial contaminants. In Nigerian, the president (Muhammad Buhari) during his visit to Chinese city of Shanghais free trade zone on the 15 th of April 2016 opined that his administration will give priority to building