B.O. Olley, K O. Adebayo, M.J Ogunde, Odeigah.W (2016) Sexual Activity and Unprotected Sex Among Treatment Seeking HIV/AIDS Patients: A Multi-Site Study in Nigeria. Int J AIDS Res. 3(3), 54-58. 54 OPEN ACCESS http://scidoc.org/IJHR.php International Journal of HIV/AIDS and Research (IJHR) ISSN 2379-1586 Sexual Activity and Unprotected Sex Among Treatment Seeking HIV/AIDS Patients: A Multi-Site Study in Nigeria Research Article B. O. Olley 1* , K O. Adebayo 2 , M.J Ogunde 1 , Odeigah.W 1 1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria 2 Department of Psychiatry, Ladoke Akintola University of technology, Teaching Hospital, Oshogbo, Nigeria. Introduction Unprotected coital sex, in spite of HIV infection is a common activity among HIV-positive patients [1]. Consequently there have been reported new infections of HIV and emergence of different HIV strain or strains, which are resistant to antiretroviral drugs that potentially have been linked to increasing levels of sexual risk behaviors (SRB) among patients [2, 3] . Evidence from meta-analyses suggests that SRB is generally a common phenomenon among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) [4-6]. Though with mixed results, where it was shown that ART does not necessarily increase sexual activity in patients [2], a signiicant reduction in unprotected sex, having multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex with HIV negative or unknown HIV status have been observed among patients on ART [4-6] . Studies outside Sub Saharan Africa suggested that certain socio demographic factors are associated with unprotected sex in HIV infection [7-9]. Some of the indings have been inconsistent; while being married and in long-term union have been associated with unprotected sex among HIV patients, other studies found that, unprotected sex was more common in unmarried as well as in HIV patients who had casual relationships [7-9]. Similar pattern exist among some sub-Saharan studies [10- 13]. A study in South Africa, found 54.4% rate of unprotected sex among sexually active newly diagnosed HIV patients [13]. Unprotected sex was related to shorter duration of illness, having a partner, lack of knowledge of their partners HIV status, coping styles characterized by denial and use of substance [13]. A few studies in Nigeria have been mixed in terms of the factors associated with unprotected sex [14-23]. For example while, the initial study found that higher education and being married are *Corresponding Author: B O Olley Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: Olley28@yahoo.com Tel: +234-8122709971 Received: March 29, 2016 Accepted: April 12, 2016 Published: April 16, 2016 Citation : B.O. Olley, K O. Adebayo, M.J Ogunde, Odeigah.W (2016) Sexual Activity and Unprotected Sex Among Treatment Seeking HIV/AIDS Patients: A Multi-Site Study in Nigeria. Int J AIDS Res. 3(3), 54-58. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2379-1586-1600014 Copyright: B O Olley © 2016. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Sexual activity without protection predisposes HIV infected individuals to re-infection of different strains and faster pro- gression to AIDS. With advance treatment and sense of well being, sexual activities among patients, continues. The present study using a multivariate design examined prevalence of sexual activity, unprotected sex and associated factors. HIV related factors (e.g.; drug use combination; knowledge of duration of HIV diagnosis) and Socio demographic factors (e.g.; multiple spouse; age, gender, ethnicity) were involved in a model of unprotected sex among HIV/AIDS patients seeking treatment in three tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria. Five hundred and two, (187(37.3%) males and 315 (62.7%) females) HIV/AIDS patients participated in the study. Mean age and mean time in months since diagnosis were 36.73 ± 9.38; 19.42 ± 23.12 respectively. Two hundred and sixty four (48%) were sexually active. One hundred and ifty three (58%) engaged in unprotected sex. Two variables: educational status and marital status were related to unprotected sex at (p<0.05). Median differences with Kruskal- Wallis H tests showed highest level of education, p = 0.018), and being currently married, p = 0.009 were associated with unprotected sex. Intervention to reduce unprotected sex among married patients with higher education should evolve among PLWHAs in Nigeria. Keywords: Sexual Activity, Unprotected Sex, HIV/AIDS, Patients.