1 1 This is a pre-print version of a paper published in the journal City. There are changes between this pre-print and the published version. Please refer to and quote the published version of the paper: DOI: 10.1080/13604813.2017.1327166 On alternative smart cities: from a technology-intensive to a knowledge-intensive smart urbanism Colin McFarlane, Department of geography, Durham University Ola Söderström, Institut de géographie, Université de Neuchâtel Contact: Ola Söderström (ola.soderstrom@unine.ch) Institut de Géographie, Université de Neuchâtel Espace Louis Agassiz 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland Word count (inc. abstract, footnotes & references): 10,954