International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 594 Water audit and inevitability of water meter Mansi Master 1 , Khushbu Gandhi 2 1 Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology, Surat-395001. 2 Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology, Gujarat, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Water, it is basic requirement for humans as well as the living creatures on the earth to sustain their life. As water is available for free, the people who are getting water are using it haphazardly without seeking future consequences. In current study, the water auditing is carried out considering the quantity of water. This paper focused on analysis of total water usage for the study area which is found more than the capita limit. Hence it is necessary to optimize this excess water usage. To minimize the use of excess water, water meter were installed in some location of study area. Comparative study has been carried out to analyze the water usage after and before water meter installation for the study area. Some of the suggestion has been discussed to minimize the excess usage and water losses. Key Words: Water audit, Water meter, Residential area water use. 1.INTRODUCTION Water is essential for the living creatures. One can sustain its life without food for several days but cannot survive without water. Water is used in everyday activity like brushing, cooking, drinking, faucets, farms, big industries etc. Its importance can be known from the past that ancient cities were established on the bank of the river where water was available easily which was useful for transportation and other activities. As water is available for free, all have lost its importance in life and are using it chaotically. Population explosion has increased demand for water. But due to industrialization the water resource are getting polluted as industries dump their waste water in water resources. So before utilizing water it is required to treat and make it free from pathogenic bacteria. As the people are not using water conservatively, some regions face scarcity of water. Some actions are required for conservative use of water. Awareness should be spread to use water systematically. Different countries started taking steps on their own for conservation of water. In 1881 it was decided for uniform rule in world for the conservative use of water. Water meters were installed and nominal charges were applied for the usage of water. Due to mentality of paying bill on amount of water use, the water usage was decreased comparatively. It was also resolute to measure the water use and water flow in the system regularly. If there is change in flow or use of water, the fault or unauthorized connection may be detected and can be rectified before huge loss occurs. The purpose of this study is water auditing when water meters are not installed. When the water usage is found above water use limit, water meters are installed. After water meters are installed water auditing is carried out and comparison for analysis in both the case is concluded. 2.LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1Brief of water audit Water audit is the accounting procedure to find the water loss in the system. From it, the unaccounted use of water, unauthorized supply etc is known. The water is trace from the place it enters the system till it exits the system and the water loss in each component of the system is found. It can be useful to find the potential use for other sources of water. 2.2Steps for water audit 1. Water inflow and outflow in each component like intake well, water treatment plant, water distribution system, elevated service reservoir or underground service reservoir should be known. The capacity and the velocity at each component are needed to be known. The rain water harvesting should also be known. 2. The readings of various components of the system the efficiency of the system should be checked and if the fault is found it is needed to be upgraded. 3. The water from the irrigation and the domestic should also be known. 4. The water audit report based on this reading should be known and the theft of water, unaccounted water is found. Also it can be found by the software given by American Water Works Association. Water audit helps to know what is happening after the water leaves from a treatment plant, if there are losses occurring, where the losses are occurring etc. is known, according to that the leakage detection program and other program to reduce loss takes place. These programs have outcomes as follows: Optimization of water losses, Financial Improvement, Knowledge distribution system, increases reliability of supply system, improve public relations, improving service system etc. Readings from the water meters and at various components like intake well, water treatment plant, elevated service reservoir, water distribution system are aggregated