Açla Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 36 (3-4), pp. 389-403 (2001) zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLK An Annotated List of Scale Insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from Turkey C. ÖNCÜER 1 , N. UYGUN 2 , L. B. ERKILIÇ 3 and Y. KARSAVURAN 4 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 'Department of Plan! Protection, University of Adnan Menderes, 09100 Aydın, Turkey : Department of Plant Prolection, University of Çukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey 'Plant Protection Research Institute PK 21,01321 Adana, Turkey • • Departmen t of Plant Protection, University of Ege, 35100 İzmir, Turkey A list of 176 species of Coccoidea recorded from Turkey, belonging to 13 families and 84 genus, is presented. This list is taken from the authors collection records and from bibliographical sources. The most numerous families are Diaspididae (93 species), Coccidae (33 species) and Pseudococcidae (22 species). The remaining families have between 1 and 6 species each. Of the 176 species 12are considered to be endemic. In Turkish orchard systems, 15 species are of suffıcient economic importance to require control measures. Iıı addition to the cultivated plants. non-cultivated plants have many scale insect on them because of the zoo- geographical situation of Turkey, lying as it does between the Mediterranean, the Irano-Turanian and Euro- Siberian subregions of Palaearctic. This list is unlikely to be complete and further studies are needed. Keyvvords: Homoptera, Coccoidea, scale insects. Throughout the world, scale insects have been recorded from most climatic regions particularly on perennial crops, woody plants, ornamentals, forests and macchia. Those of Turkey are only poorly known and the most detailed studies have been made by the follow- ing authors: Bodenheimer (1949, 1952, 1953a, 1953b), Önciier (1974, 1977), Çanakcıoğlu (1977), Kozar et al. (1979), Selmi (1979), Diizgüneş (1982), Lodos (1986), Yaşar (1995), Erler et al. (1996) and Uygun et al. (1998). Additional records could be foıınd about distribution and biology of some species in the next publications: Ben-Dov (1990, 1994), Çiftçi (1982), Çanakcıoğlu (1994), Çobanoğlu and Diizgüneş (1984), Danzig and Miller (1996), Düzgüneş and Özkök (1940), Diizgüneş et al. (1975), Erkılıç and Uygun (1995, Eronç (1971), Erdem (1976), Erkam (1981), Gül-Zümreoğlu (1972), Gürkan (1982), Hoy (1963), Kıroğlu (1981), Kosztarab and Kozâr (1988), Kozâr (1995, 1998), Lindinger (1912), Okul et al. (1983), Önder (1982), Soylu (1976), Williams and Miller (1985), Yaşar (1990), Yaşar et al. (1995). Turkey has been divided in seven geographically different regions namely, Marma- ra region (Mar. R.), Blacksea region (B. R.), Aegean region (A. R.), Central Anatolia region (C. A. R.), Mediterrannean region (Med. R.), East Anatolia region (E. A. R.) and Southeast Anatolia region (S. A. R.) (Table 1). These regions show different climatic features, such as Marmara, Blacksea, Aegean and Mediterranean regions fairly mild winters compare to cold vvinters of Central, East and Southeast Anatolia regions due to sea efifect around these regions. Mediterranean region shown the typical Mediterranean type of climate, rainy winters but dry summers. The other regions vvhich have typical inland climate with long 0238-1249/2001/$ 5.00 © 2001 Akademini Kiadö, Budapest