Ecotoxicological hazards of herbicides on biological attributes of
Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fazil Hasan
*
, M. Shafiq Ansari
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
highlights graphical abstract
Glyphosate was slightly toxic and 2,
4-D was highly toxic to Zygogramma
bicolorata.
Daily fecundity (m
x
), net reproduc-
tive rate (R
0
), intrinsic rate of increase
(r
m
) and finite rate of increase (l) was
lowest on 2, 4-D treated group.
A significantly greater number of fe-
males were produced in control than
treated with glyphosate.
None of the tested herbicide except
glyphosate can be classified as safe to
Z. bicolorata.
article info
Article history:
Received 23 November 2015
Received in revised form
29 March 2016
Accepted 31 March 2016
Handling Editor: Jim Lazorchak
Keywords:
Zygogramma bicolorata
Herbicides
Ecotoxicology
Life table
Sex ratio
abstract
Ecotoxic effects of commonly used herbicides i.e. glyphosate, atrazine, metribuzin, alachlor and 2, 4-D
were evaluated on the biological and demographic parameters of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister on
parthenium in laboratory. The herbicides used in the bioassay were within a minimum range of their
recommended field dose. In direct toxicity experiment, 2,4-D and alachlor caused the highest mortality
of 3rd instars and prolonged the development time. Fecundity and eggs viability were also significantly
reduced in all treatments. Indirect toxicity (carryover effect) was evaluated through life table analysis of
F
1
progenies developed from surviving 3rd instars treated for direct toxicity experiment. Incubation
period and overall development time was considerably prolonged in all treatments especially in 2, 4-D
treated group. Daily fecundity and population growth parameters were significantly lowest in 2, 4-D
treated groups compared to other tested herbicides. A significantly greater number of females were
produced in glyphosate treatment than other treatments. Based on the present study, none of the tested
herbicide can be classified as safe to Zygogramma bicolorata, while glyphosate was found to be least toxic.
Therefore, it can be concluded that application of field recommended dose of glyphosate might be used
in integration with Z. bicolorata for effective management of parthenium, however this needs to be
conducted under natural field conditions.
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Parthenium, Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) is
considered as one of the most noxious weeds causing several
health problems in human being and animals besides loss to crop
productivity and destroys plant biodiversity (Sushilkumar, 2012). It
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: fazilento10@gmail.com (F. Hasan).
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Chemosphere
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemosphere
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.137
0045-6535/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chemosphere 154 (2016) 398e407