Volume 20 • Issue 2 • 1000402 J Psychiatry, an open access journal ISSN: 2378-5756 Open Access Jember et al., J Psychiatry 2017, 20:2 DOI: 10.4172/2378-5756.1000402 Research Article OMICS International Journal of Psychiatry J o u r n a l o f P s y c h i a t r y ISSN: 2378-5756 *Corresponding author: Bereket Duko, Lecturer, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia, Tell -+251911975900 E-mail:berkole.dad@ gmail.com Received: October 25, 2016; Accepted: March 20, 2017; Published: March 27, 2017 Citation: Jember D, Duko B, Mihretie G (2017) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Among Assosa Techinical Premenstrual & Vocational Education School Students, Assosa, Ethiopia. J Psychiatry 20: 402 doi:10.4172/2378-5756.1000402 Copyright: © 2017 Jember D, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Among Female Students at Assosa Techinical Premenstrual & Vocational Education Training School,Assosa, Ethiopia Desalew Jember 1 ,Bereket Duko 2* ,Getnet Mihretie 3 1 Senior Mental Health and Psychosocial program oficer, International medical Corps, Dolo, Ethiopia, jemberd8@gmail.com 2 College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia, berkole.dad@gmail.com 3 Department of psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia Abstract Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the most prevalent, but largely neglected psychiatric disorder. Somatic symptoms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder are severe enough to markedly affect usual daily activities. The factors such as age, educational status, income, and residence are the most frequently associated with it. There are few studies conducted on prevalence of PMDD and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among Asossa Technical and vocational education Training School students at Asossa from May 12 up to June 12, 2015. Methods: Institutional based cross–sectional study was conducted. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic, obstetrical and gynecological, substance and PMDD symptoms using structured questionnaire and Screening tool which is used to get total number of 520 samples among students from TVET School by using simple Random sampling technique. Data was examined using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, odds ratios (OR) and 95% conidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 20.5 (± 2.6). The magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was 26.8%. When we adjusted for the effect of potential confounding variables, those having irregular menstrual cycle (AOR=1.36,95% CI,(1.82,2.25)), menstrual pain (AOR=1.41,95% CI (1.09,1.83)) and those did not use family planning methods (AOR=1.92,95% CI, (1.08,3.42)) were more likely to have premenstrual dysphoric disorder as compared to their counter parts. Conclusion: The magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was high (26.8%). Menstrual pain, menstrual irregularity and not using family planning methods had signiicant association. It needs early screening and intervention at primary health care settings. Keywords: Magnitude; Premenstrual dysphoric disorder; Premenstrual syndrome Introduction Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with key features includes depressed mood, anxiety, afective liability and persistent irritability. Its somatic symptoms include change in appetite or sleep, edema, weight gain, breast pain, syncope, paresthesias and symptoms are severe enough to markedly afect usual daily activities and more than 80% of women of reproductive age may experience some emotional and/or physical premenstrual symptoms [1-3]. Studies showed that up to 70-90% of women of reproductive age have one or more signs of physical discomfort or emotional symptoms in the premenstrual, i.e., luteal phase of their menstrual cycle [4]. Lifetime incidence of psychiatric conditions in women diagnosed with PMDD is 50% to 75% [5]. About 57% women with PMDD have risk of developing major depressive disorder (MDD) [6]. Most women with current and past MDD have premenstrual changes, including an increasing in the severity of the illness [7]. Women with age of 20-30 are at high risk of developing PMDD [7]. Alcohol use and cigarette smoking leading to an worsen premenstrual symptoms by inducing imbalance in B vitamins, electrolytes [8,9]. About 20-40% of menstruating women have premenstrual dysphoric disorder and experience luteal phase symptoms that are bothersome [10]. Approximately six million reproductive-age American women sufer from Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) with its symptoms are severe enough to impair a woman's functioning, warranting a psychiatric diagnosis [11]. Expert review of country-speciic data suggests that the prevalence of PMDD, North American or European countries is lower than lower income countries like Latin American, Africans [12], PMDD and moderate/severe PMS are associated with signiicant Impairment as measured by a number of scales [13]. Approximately 3–8% of women experience PMDD, which has been estimated as resulting in 14.5 million disability adjusted life years annually in the United States [1,14,15]. About 3% to 8% in developed 16% to 36.1% in developing, sub Saharan countries of menstruating women have symptoms that are severe enough to meet the speciic diagnostic criteria for PMDD [16,17]. Prevalence of PMDD in among Ethiopia Students 27% [18]. Efects of PMDD is decreasing interest in the usual activities i.e. education, Ethiopia and Egyptian Students is (28.9%) and 56.2 respectively [18,19].