ELSEVIER Early Human Development 38 (1994) 35-43 Maternal high-risk factors and severity of growth deficit in small for gestational age infants Arsenio Spinillo *, Ezio Capuzzo, Gaia Piazzi, Sabrina Nicola, Laura Colonna, Angela Iasci zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVU Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pavia. IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia. P. le Golgi, 2, 27100 Pavia. Italy Received 12 January 1994; revision received 8 February 1994; accepted 3 May 1994 Abstract The relationship between maternal risk factors and severity of fetal growth deficit was evaluated in a population of 613 small for gestational age (SGA) infants and 784 appropriate- ly grown controls. The severity of growth deficit among SGA infants was expressed as ‘fetal growth ratio’ (observed/expected birthweight, where expected birthweight is the mean birth- weight of the Italian population for a given gestational age). In multivariate models, pree- clampsia was the only maternal high-risk factor positively correlated with a more severe growth deficit among SGA infants. Chronic cardiac or renal maternal diseases and female fetal sex were associated with mild forms of SGA, thus showing an inverse relationship with severity of growth deficit. Finally, the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy, low (~0.2 kg/week) maternal weight gain, low (< 50 kg) pre-pregnancy weight, severe (Hb, < 8 g/dl) maternal anaemia, low education (< 6th grade), history of a previous low birth- weight infant or recurrent spontaneous abortion, nulliparity and SGA was homogeneous across the severity strata of fetal growth deficit. Keywords: Small for gestational age; Growth deficit; Risk factors 1. Introduction In previous studies, the epidemiological relationship between maternal factors and the risk of a small for gestational age (SGA) infant has been analyzed irrespective * Corresponding author. 0378-3782/94/$07.0X) 0 1994 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved SSDI 0378-3782(94)01537-Y