Global Advanced Research Journal of Physical and Applied Sciences Vol. 2 (2) pp. 039-046, September, 2013
Available online http://www.garj.org/garjpas/index.htm
Copyright © 2013 Global Advanced Research Journals
Original Research Paper
Mine water and the environment: a case study at
Central African Gold Bibiani Limited, Ghana
P. Anane-Acheampong.-Osisiadan
1
, L. Darkwah
2
and G. Owusu-Boateng
3
*
1
Department of Material Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
2
Department of Chemical Engineering
3
Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
Accepted 02 September, 2013
The quantity and quality of input and output water at the various stages of mining is of critical
importance in monitoring the dynamics of mine water. This study was undertaken to assess the
quantity and physic-chemical quality of water sources for ore processing, the process water pond and
surface waters in the Central African Gold (CAG) Mine concession area. Water samples were analysed
for levels of some physic-chemical parameters: pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, iron, arsenic
and cyanide. Results indicate that the main sources of water to the processing plant were the decant
water (55.10%) and thickener overflow (34.55%). There was a general decline in water quality in this
study as compared to the baseline study and most importantly deviated from levels prescribed by the
Ghana EPA standard and the WHO guideline for both effluent discharge into the environment and
drinking water, calling for measures to ward off any possible human and environmental health
problems.
Keywords: Central African Gold, water, quantity, quality, pollution, Ghana EPA, WHO.
INTRODUCTION
The importance of extracted mineral to socio-economic
development cannot be under- reckoned. It provides
important incomes to nations, improved services and
increase employment in local communities. In fact it is a
critical factor that serves as an element of the foundation
of resource utilization. This important attribute is likely to
be unending if best resource management practices for
environmental sustainability are adhered to by society. If
the relationship between mining and the environment is
*Corresponding author Email: godfredowusuboateng@yahoo.com
directed towards sustainability through adoption of best
management practices, the full benefit of mining can be
realized.
Mining operations use water for mineral processing and
metal recovery, dust control and supply of water needs of
workers on site (Lottermoser, 2012). Groundwater,
surface water and rainwater have been used as sources
of water for mining. Metallurgical plants employ
processing methods that may be categorized into
flotation, gravitational, washing, magnetic separation,
crushing and sorting, carbon-In- leach (CIL), Carbon-In-
Pulp (CIP), heap leach etc each of which uses water.
Although a large mining operation may use a