International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 22 Assessment of Environmental Impacts during Operational Phase of a Textile Industry Dr. Mahendra Pratap Choudhary 1 , Saiful Islam 2 1 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, India 2 M. Tech. Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Environmental pollution is global issue of the modern world. Tremendous industrialization is going on around the globe and in recent situation water and air are getting highly contaminated. The textile industry is often associated with environmental pollution problems and this industry is also considered as ecologically one of the most polluting industries in the world. About 14.5% GDP of India is from textile industry. India has specially emerged as a leading center for processing of synthetic fabric, specially suiting of mixed fiber i.e. cotton and synthetic in the polyester/viscose fabrics. An assessment of environmental impacts has been made for a textile industry RSWM Limited of Bhilwara, Rajasthan during its operation phase. In this study, the physico-chemical parameters of water namely temperature, pH, hardness, total dissolved Solid (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ambient air quality parameters namely SPM, SO2, NOx and evaluation of noise levels, assessment of health and safety measures have been investigated for impacts on the workers of the industry. Zero discharge approach is examined in the said textile industry; which shows that significant environmental improvements are being made. It has been found that the industry is working according to the standards and norms defined by the Central Pollution Control Board of India. Key Words: Environmental Impact Assessment, Textile Industry, Water Pollution, Air Pollution, Noise Pollution 1. INTRODUCTION Textile processing industry is characterized not only by the large volume of water required for various unit operations but also by the variety of chemicals used for various processes. There is a long sequence of wet processing stages requiring inputs of water, chemicals and energy and generating wastes at each stage. The other feature of this industry, which is a backbone of fashion garment, is large variation in demand of type, pattern and color combination of fabric resulting into significant fluctuations in waste generation volume and load. Textile processing generates many waste streams, including liquid, gaseous and solid wastes, some of which may be hazardous. The nature of the waste generated depends on the type of textile facility, the processes and technologies being operated and the types of fibres and chemicals used. )ndiaǯs textile sector is one of the oldest industries in Indian economy. Even today, textile sector is one of the largest contributors to Indiaǯs exports with approximately 11% of total exports. The textile industry has two broad segments. First, the unorganized sector consists of handloom, handicrafts and sericulture, which are operated on a small scale and through traditional tools and methods. The second is the organized sector consisting of spinning, apparel and garments segment which apply modern machinery and techniques such as economies of scale. 1.1 Waste Generated from Textile Industries Textile industries generate all three kinds of waste i.e. liquid effluents, air emissions and solid wastes. However, liquid effluents are of utmost concern because of its high volume and pollution potential. Quantity and nature of waste generated depends on the fabric being processed, chemicals being used, technology being employed, operating practices etc. The important pollutants present in a typical textile waste effluent are colour, bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), toxic heavy metals, residual chlorine, dissolved solids and non-biodegradable organics termed as refractory materials. The textile units may have utilities such as raw water treatment system, cooling towers, laboratory, workshop(s), fuel storage facilities, residential colony, administrative block, canteen etc. which generates utility wastewater and domestic wastewater. Main sources of air pollution are boilers(s), thermo pack and diesel generator(s) which generate gaseous pollutants such as suspended particulate matter (SPM), Sulphur dioxide gas, oxide of nitrogen gas etc. Textile industry is also a major source of hazardous waste generation. The sources of hazardous waste generation are effluent treatment plant sludge, used oil, empty containers of dyes and other chemicals etc.