82 NachrBl. bayer. Ent. 56 (3/4), 2007 Notes on Palaearctic sawflies, with particular reference to the German fauna (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) Andrew D. LlSTON Abstract New data are presented on the taxonomy, distribution and biology of some Palaearctic sawfly species. A key is included for identification of the four leaf-mining sawfly species on Salix in Europe. The previously unknown male of Scolioneura tirolensis (ENSLIN, 1914) is briefly characterised. The following taxonomic changes are made: Empria immersa (KLUG, 1818) = E. tirolensis ENS- LIN, 1914 syn. nov.; Heterarthrus wuestneii (KONOW, 1904) ? = H. tauricus ERMOLENKO, 1984; Pontania shibaycmagii (TOGASHI & USUBA, 1980) comb. nov. is transferred from Euura; Pristiphora albilabris (BOHEMAN, 1852) comb. nov. (transferred from Nematus) = Nematus albilabris THOMSON, 1863 syn. nov. A lectotype is designated for Empria tirolensis. New records for Germany are Amauronematus puniceus (CHRIST, 1791) (Brandenburg), Pristi- phora albilabris (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) and Scolioneura tirolensis (Bavaria). Nematus doebelii (KONOW, 1901) is confirmed present in Alpine Bavaria, and notes are presented on its early stages developing on Lonicera alpigena. Cephus runcator KONOW, 1896 is removed from the list of German species. New records for Bavaria are, Amauronematus miltonotus (ZADDACH, 1883), Ardis sulcata (CAMERON, 1882), Fenusella wuestneii (KONOW, 1894), Hoplocampa plagiata (KLUG, 1816), Nematus fagi ZADDACH, 1876 and N. putoni (KONOW, 1903). Gilpinia socio (KLUG, 1812) and Pachynematus pallescens (HARTIG, 1837) are confirmed as occurring in Bavaria. Newly recorded hostplant associations are: Amauronematus puniceus {Salix purpurea), Cladius rufipes SERVILLE, 1823 (Ulmus laevis), Fenusella septentrionalis (KOCH, 1990) (Salix lapponum), Hinatara excisa (KONOW, 1885) (Acer monspessulanum), and Scolioneura tirolensis (Salix foetida, S. waldsteiniana). Whilst Hoplocampa crataegi (KLUG, 1816) is mainly associated with Crataegus monogyna agg., H. pectoralis THOMSON, 1871 is attached to C. laevigata. Fenusella wuestneii is probably monophagous on Salix viminalis, and is recorded north only to Denmark. Records of leaf mines on Salix lapponum from subarctic and arctic Sweden and Finland, previously identified as belonging to F. wuestneii, are assigned to F. septentrionalis. Association of adult Nematus putoni with Polygonum bistorta suggests that this may be a hostplant. Introduction This contribution summarises the results of studies on sawflies, mainly relating to the European fauna, with respect to taxonomy, distribution and hostplant associations. Some of the work was carried out during the preparation of the forthcoming revision of the Symphyta part of the „Red Lists" of endangered Gentian animals. Other results presented below have already been used in the preparation of the Rote Liste for Bavaria (KRAUS & BLANK 2004). It seems desirable to document the data which influenced these decisions, particularly for some rarely recorded and potentially endangered species for which no data, or very little, were previously available. An attempt is made throughout to draw attention to interesting aspects of the natural history of these insects, it being my belief that most future progress in understanding their taxonomy will result from closer investigation of their biologies.